《上古之歌》附錄詞表整理

《上古之歌（Voices from Early China）》是英國語言學家散復生（Geoffrey Sampson）所著的一部《詩經》通俗讀本。
這部書的最大特色，就是用極其通俗的語言來翻譯《詩經》。書中逐行列出了《詩經》的上古漢語擬音轉寫（許思萊 OCM 體系），行文中的所有漢語專名也全都用擬音轉寫表示，讀之若有恍惚置身三代之感。

「Tiw」王國地圖

今年年初幫助自稱「老眼昏瞶（almost 80-year-old eyes）」的散復生教授重新校對了一遍此書的附錄詞表，揪出了幾個錯誤。這個表格是當初校對的結果，但不保證我的版本與書中的相契無郤。

散氏的這部著作中所用的擬音系統是許思萊（Axel Schuessler）的「OCM (Minimal Old Chinese)」擬音，但具體細節與許氏著作卻稍有不同，不知道是散氏的修改還是許氏的後續更新。

本書附錄詞表的擬音，我已收入 RIME 上古漢語輸入方案集錄，可用「上古漢語（許思萊）OC_schuesslerOC」進行輸入，散氏著作特有的擬音用「Ⓖ」標記。

總之，表格就在下面。表格中的 OCM 是我自己推算的。

網友「bili67100711242」對我提及散復生的擬音，所以把這個檔案找出來發在這裏，也不是什麼值得藏着掖著的。

表格「.xlsx」文件可到此下載：Google Docs

擬音轉寫歸納

這裏的轉寫是散氏自己做的一套系統，還是比較容易見字求聲的。

OCM	轉寫	OCM	轉寫
◌̂	◌̀	◌̥ ◌̊	h
u	ou	ʰ	h
ə	u	-ʔ	-c
j	y	ʔr	rr
ŋ	ng	ʔw	ww
ɦ	gh	ʔj	yy
tsʰ	ts	mʔ	mp
ts	tz	nʔ	nt
sr	sh	ŋʔ	nk
tsʰr	ch	k-h	k’h
tsr	j
dzr	dj	ʔ(-V)	不寫

表格

OCM	轉寫	釋義	漢字
ʔa	a	in, at, on, with	於
ʔâ	à	a crow	烏
ʔâ, ʔâ-ɦâ	à, à-ghà	oh!	於，於乎
ʔâk	àk	bad	惡
ʔâks	àks	to hate	惡
ʔamʔ	amp	1. to cover, spreading over; Amp Suk (Yan Xi), a nobleman of Dzin	奄；奄息
		2. thickening, gathering (clouds)	渰
ʔan	an	1. thereat; X an, when X	焉
		2. how?	焉
		3. a syllable inserted for rhythm	焉
ʔân	àn	1. how, where, what?	安
		2. peace, peaceful, solemn	安
ʔaŋ	ang	1. middle; end	央
		2. deep and strongly flowing	泱
ʔaŋʔ-tʰaŋʔ	ank-thank	disconcerted	怏惝
ʔâns	àns	repress	按
ʔanʔ	ant	1. lie down	偃
		2. silurid catfish	鰋
ʔât	àt	stop, repress	遏
ʔâts	àts	ample, rich (of clouds); numerous	藹
ʔaw, ʔaw-dawʔ	aw, aw-dawc	delicately lovely	夭，夭紹
ʔawʔ	awc	kill, destroy	夭
ʔâwk	àwk	1. moisten, hence glossy; Àwk (Wo), a place-name	沃
		2. silver-washed	鋈
ʔaj	ay	1. ah!; ay-tzay, whoopee!	猗；猗嗟
		2. igiri tree, Idesia polycarpa	椅
ʔâj	ày	1. a slope	阿
		2. pillar, beam; Ày Gràng (A Heng), kingmaker to first Un king	阿；阿衡
ʔajʔ	ayc	lean on, pull aside	倚
ʔâjʔ, ʔâjʔ-nâjʔ	àyc, àyc-nàyc	luxuriant	猗，猗儺
bâ	bà	rushes, reeds	蒲
bâ-ba	bà-ba	crawl	匍匐
ba-sŋâ	ba-sngà	rose mallow	扶蘇
baʔ	bac	1. protect, help	輔
		2. father	父
		3. cooking pot	釜
		4. detachable sides to wagon	輔
bâk	bàk	to press; thin	薄
bâk, bâk-ŋan	bàk, bàk-ngan	initial particle: well now, …	薄，薄言
bam	bam	every	凡
ban	ban	1. abundant	繁
		2. burn, roast	燔
		3. fence, hedge	樊
		4. uncoloured garment	袢
		5. hoary mugwort	蘩
bân	bàn	1. turn round	般
		2. joy	槃
baŋ	bang	1. withstand, be a match for; dyke, embankment	防
		2. bream	魴
		3. room, esp. side-room	房
bâŋ	bàng	1. side	旁
		2. forceful	彭
bâns-wans	bàns-wans	relaxed, undisciplined	畔援
bas	bas	attach; reach to	傅
bâs	bàs	a course, career	歩
bat	bat	1. to attack, hit; to cut	伐
		2. a shield	伐
bât	bàt	1. trudge, trample; bàt-dap, “trudge and wade”: travel across country	跋；跋涉
		2. halt in the open	茇
		3. end of an arrow	拔
		4. sacrifice to the Spirits of the Road	軷
bât	Bàt	Bo, the Demon of Drought	魃
bats	bats	to bark	吠
bâts	bàts	1. flutter; a streamer	旆
		2. thin out	拔
bawʔ	bawc	compact, dense	苞
bâwks	bàwks	violent; use strength to overcome	暴
baj	bay	skin	皮
bâj-sâj	bày-sày	a ritual dance, see Ode 137	婆娑
bajs	bays	to cover, be covered; a head-dress	被
be	be	1. accumulate	埤
		2. tripe	脾
bek	bek	1. a law; lawful	辟
		2. to open	闢
		3. beat the breast	擗
bêk	bèk	tile	甓
beks	beks	avoid, move away	避
ben	ben	glib; insincere words	諞
bêŋ	bèng	1. jug	缾
		2. screen, protecting wall	屏
bêŋʔ	bènk	side by side, together	並
bês	bès	netsuke; to wear hanging from girdle	佩
bets	bets	worn-out	敝
bi	bi	1. abundant, large; enlarge	膍
		2. make ample, strengthen; big oneself up	毗
		3. panther	貔
bin	bin	1. urgent, pressing	頻
		2. become wife to	嬪
		3. a water plant, probably water clover	蘋
binʔ	bint	female animal	牝
bis	bis	1. assemble, unite, combine; be concordant	比
		2. braid	紕
bit	bit	1. nonchalant, offhand	怭
		2. fat and robust (of a horse)	駜
bît	bìt	fragrant	苾，飶
biw	biw	flow; Biw-dray (Biaochi), a stream in Xi’an	滮；滮池
bo	bo	wild duck; Bo (Fu), a mountain in southern Shandong	鳧
bôk	bòk	driver, servant	僕
boŋ	bong	1. meet	逢
		2. sew	縫
bôŋ	bòng	1. luxuriant foliage	蓬
		2. a plant, possibly hairy fleabane	蓬
		3. boom!	韸
		4. disorderly	蓬
boŋs	bongs	seam	縫
bos	bos	be added to, stick to	附
bu	bou	1. strong and numerous	浮
		2. float	浮
bû	bòu	1. collect, assemble; come together; all	裒
		2. a long coat, esp. quilted	袍
		3. a wide-skirted robe; Bòu (Bao), a placename; Bòu Sluc (Bao Si), concubine of king Iw	褒；褒姒
bu-ju	bou-you	mayfly	蜉蝣
buʔ	bouc	large and fat; a large mound; abundant; bouc-toung, grasshopper	阜；阜螽
bûʔ	bòuc	carry in the arms	抱
buk	bouk	return, restore	復
brâk	bràk	white	白
brâŋ	Bràng	Peng, a place in Drengs	彭
brans	brans	cap, specifically the cap of manhood	弁
brânʔ	brànt	slope	阪
brâts	bràts	be ruined	敗
bren	bren	punctilious	采
breŋ	breng	1. level, to be just; to settle; peaceful; Breng (Ping), name of first Eastern Tiw king (p. 9)	平
		2. lad’s-love (see Ode 161)	苹
brês	brès	fine grain	粺
briʔ	bric	be separated	仳
brû	bròu	1. bake, roast	炰
		2. gourd	匏
		3. kitchen, butchery	庖
brû-hû	bròu-hòu	shout and bawl	咆虓
brəks	bruks	prepare, provide, ready, complete	備
brən	brun	poor, poverty	貧
brəŋ	brung	1. full, solid	馮
		2. stand on, rely on	馮
		3. wade across a river	馮
brəs	brus	overbearing	奰
bə̂	bù	accompany, associate, support	陪
bə-ləʔ	bu-luc	plantain	芣苢
bəʔ	buc	1. lady, wife	婦
		2. carry on the back	負
bə̂ʔ	bùc	double	倍
bəʔ-saŋ	buc-sang	carriage-box, carriage	服箱
bək	buk	1. serve, service	服
		2. to wear; clothes	服
		3. lie down	伏
		4. train and use an animal	服
		5. submit, be dominated	服
		6. a quiver	服
		7. inner horses of a team	服
		8. intense thought	服
bə̂ks	bùks	turn the back on, be disloyal, rebel	背
bə̂ks	Bùks	Bei, a place-name (see p. 66)	邶
bəm	bum	float about	汎
bə̂m	bùm	bushy	芃
bəms-wâŋ	bums-wàng	phoenix	鳳凰
bən	bun	1. river bank, embankment	濆，墳
		2. a type of elm	枌
		3. great	賁，頒
		4. well-set (of fruit)	蕡
		5. burn, destroy	焚
bən	Bun	Fen, a river of Shanxi	汾
bə̂ŋ	bùng	1. a match, equal; a friend	朋
		2. string of cowrie shells	朋
bənʔ	bunt	swell up	墳
bət	but	1. great	佛
		2. oppose, offend	咈
bə̂ts	bùts	disordered, silly	悖
bəj	buy	1. follow on foot	腓
		2. fat	肥
		3. sick	痱
bjawʔ	byawc	to drop	摽
tsʰra	cha	begin	初
tsʰraʔ	chac	1. bushy, luxuriant, rich; numerically complete, ample; Chac (Chu), a southern state	楚
		2. thorns, thorny tree	楚
tsʰraŋs-hʷaŋs	changs-hwangs	grief, distress	愴怳
tsʰrâj	chày	choose	差
tsʰraj-draj	chay-dray	uneven, long and short mixed	差池
tsʰro	cho	1. grass used for fodder or fuel	芻
		2. hurry, run to; cho-tsang, to step in an agile, well-balanced manner, as in sport, ritual, or dance	趨；趨蹌
tsʰrôŋ	chòng	wagon	蔥
tsʰrots	chots	robe with figured top and embroidered skirt	毳
tsʰrək	chuk	1. sharp	畟
		2. to measure depth	測
tsʰrəm	chum	gallop	駸
tsʰrəm-tsʰraj	chum-chay	uneven	参差
tsʰrəp	chup	flap the ears	濕
dâ	dà	1. the common people; foot soldier, follower	徒
		2. to butcher; Dà (Tu), a place-name	屠
		3. fatigue, suffering; disabled	瘏
		4. consider, plan, calculate	圖
daʔ	dac	1. altar to Spirit of Soil; sacrifice to that spirit	社
		2. field hut	野
dâʔ	dàc	1. roots	土
		2. Chinese pear-tree, Pyrus pyrifolia; Dàc (Du), a river of Shaanxi	杜
dak	dak	1. stone, rock	石
		2. stately, great	碩
dâk	dàk	to measure, calculate, consider	度
dâks	dàks	a measure, rule	度
dân	dàn	sandalwood tree	檀
daŋ	dang	1. splendid, ample	裳
		2. garment covering lower part of body	裳
dâŋ	dàng	1. hall	堂
		2. pear tree	棠
daŋs	dangs	1. wish, would that	尚
		2. add to	尚
		3. still, yet	尚
		4. high; consider high; Dangs (Shang), a Tiw general	尚
dans	dans	cooked food	膳
dâns	dàns	to fear	憚
danʔ	dant	1. good; approve	善
		2. area of levelled ground for sacrifices	墠
dânʔ-slêk	dànt-slèk	naked torso	襢裼
dap	dap	wade across a stream	涉
dât	dàt	come forward, become prominent, prosper; for a plant to break through the soil	達
dats	dats	1. reach, get to, go to, go away	逝
		2. swear, promise	誓
		3. tell the future using yarrow stalks, see Ode 58	筮
dâts	dàts	big; dàts-bang, large framework supporting a hog-roast; dàts-pa, dignitary, courtier	大；大房；大夫
dawʔ	dawc	continue, transmit	紹
dâwks	dàwks	sad	悼
daws	Daws	Shao, a place-name, see p. 56	召
dâws	dàws	robber, scoundrel	盜
dâj	dày	alligator	鼉
de	de	to flock to the roost	提
dê	dè	1. tranquil	提
		2. lift	提
deʔ	dec	this; be like this, be correct	是
deŋ	deng	1. sincere; truly	誠
		2. to complete, achieve; peacemaking; Deng (Cheng), second Tiw-dynasty king (p.8)	成
		3. put into a receptacle	盛
dêŋs	dèngs	fix, settle	定
dês	dès	look at	題
dêts	dèts	a solitary tree	杕
dî	dì	1. cormorant	鵜
		2. a sprout, shoot	荑
dîʔ	dìc	1. younger brother	弟
		2. pleased	弟
dîn	dìn	sound of drum	闐
dins	dins	careful, circumspect	慎
dîns	dìns	to set out, present offerings	奠
dîs	dìs	younger sister, secondary wife	娣
dit	dit	true, really; that is to say; this, that	寔
dît	dìt	1. laugh scornfully	咥
		2. old age	耋
		3. anthill, mound	垤
dîw	dìw	1. to adjust, to tune	調
		2. a kind of cicada	蜩
diwk	diwk	lithe, beautiful; good	淑
dîwk	dìwk	level and easy (road)	踧
dzraʔ	djac	hoe	鉏
dzrâm	djàm	1. crafty	毚
		2. high and craggy	漸
dzrâms	djàms	slander	讒
dzraŋ	djang	bed	牀；床
dzrânʔ	djànt	carriage box made of interwoven laths	棧
dzras	djas	to help	助
dzros	djos	running fast (of a horse)	驟
dzruŋ	djoung	1. pile up, accumulate; to exalt, honour; high; Djoung (Chong), a state; djoung ngrà, dogtooth decoration for bell stand	崇；崇牙
		2. end; all, whole of	崇
dzrə̂	djù	wolf	豺
do	do	1. strongly, very	殊
		2. a kind of lance; baton	殳
dô	dò	throw to, to present; throw out	投
doʔ	doc	to plant, establish	樹
dok	dok	1. apply; applied to	屬
		2. caterpillar	蠋
dôk	dòk	alone	獨
don	don	hasten; rapid	遄
dôn	dòn	1. grieved	慱
		2. rich, plentiful (dew)	漙
		3. numerous	敦
		4. eagle	鷻
dôŋ	dòng	1. bushy, ample	童
		2. young person; lamb, calf	童
		3. tung tree	桐
		4. join; sort into categories, match; same, shared; together; a hunt meet	同
doŋʔ	donk	swollen, inflated, conceited	尰
dôŋʔ	dònk	to move	動
dos	dos	tree	樹
dôs	dòs	a ‘dou’ food bowl	豆
du	dou	1. reject, be hostile to	魗
		2. enemy	讎
		3. repay, recompense, answer	讎
		4. to toast someone, take wine with them, return a toast	酬，醻
dû	dòu	stick with feathers attached	翿
duʔ	douc	receive	受
duʔ, duʔ-kʰûʔ	douc, douc-khòuc	long life; Douc (Shou), a personal name	壽，壽考
dûk	dòuk	1. poison	毒
		2. a kind of creeper	𦺇
dun	doun	1. great	純
		2. a quail	鶉
dûn	dòun	tie together	純
dûns	dòuns	blunted; Dòuns (Dun), a hill	頓
dus	dous	1. give, issue	授
		2. sell, esp. sell slaves	售
duj	douy	who?	誰
dûj	dòuy	1. collapse, fall down	隤
		2. tornado	頹
dûjʔ	dòuyc	cap on butt end of weapon	錞
doj	doy	hang	垂
dra	dra	1. eliminate, remove	除
		2. collect, store, heap up	儲
draʔ	drac	1. stand in attendance	佇
		2. lamb	羜
		3. ramie (see Ode 139)	紵
		4. a shuttle	杼
drak	drak	1. choose	擇
		2. marsh, pool	澤
drâk	dràk	residence, to inhabit	宅
dran	dran	the landholding of one farmer	廛
draŋ	drang	1. long, tall; a long time; always	長
		2. intestines	腸
		3. arena, threshing floor; yard used for growing vegetables in spring and storing them in autumn	場
draŋ-tsʰraʔ	drang-chac	starfruit tree, carambola	萇楚
dras	dras	pass away	除
draw	draw	audience; morning reception of visitors; court	朝
drawʔ	drawc	1. to initiate, institute; active, nimble; drawc-mawc, active	肇；肇敏
		2. a flag showing tortoise and snake	旐
draws	draws	to summon	召
draj	dray	1. canter (see Ode 163)	馳
		2. a pool	池
		3. a leat	沱
drajʔ	drayc	cleave wood along the grain	杝
drajs	drays	earth, ground	地
dre	dre	a kind of flute	篪
dre-dro	dre-dro	walk haltingly	踟躕
dreŋ	dreng	norm, rule; Dreng (Cheng), a state	程
dreŋs	Drengs	Zheng, a state	鄭
dret	dret	clear, limpid	澈
drets	drets	discard; left over	滯
dri	dri	1. whetstone	砥
		2. islet	坻
		3. tarry, be late; walk slowly; slow, long	遲
driʔ	dric	pheasant	雉
drin	drin	1. old, of long standing; for a long time	填
		2. old grain	陳
		3. display, set out, arrange, diffuse; Drin (Chen), a state	陳
		4. path from gate to Great Hall	陳
dris	dris	1. young, childish	穉
		2. sow or plant late	穉
drit	drit	order, regulate, orderly, pure	秩
driw	driw	1. dense, thick	綢
		2. nightdress	裯
driw-miws	driw-miws	to bind round	綢繆
driwk	driwk	axle; Driwk (Zhou), a place in Drengs	軸
driws	driws	helmet	胄
drôk	dròk	muddy, muddled	濁
droŋ	drong	1. slow-ripening grain	重
		2. double; Drong-nuc (Chong-er), heir to the dukedom of Tzins who deposed a pretender in 636, see Ode 134	重；重耳
droŋ-gaw	drong-gaw	see gaw
droŋʔ	dronk	heavy	重
druʔ	drouc	crupper; Drouc (Zhou), last Un king (see p.8)	紂
druk	drouk	cylinder	柚
druŋ	droung	1. metallic sound, tinkle	沖
		2. insect; a living creature generally	蟲
druŋs	droungs	a second son; Droungs (Zhong), a clan name	仲
druts	drouts	cause resentment	懟
drə	dru	1. grasp, hold	持
		2. regulate, arrange, work with, manipulate	治
drəʔ	druc	1. provide, collect	峙
		2. stand, stand still, stop	跱
drək	druk	straight; right; extensive	直
drəks	druks	hold upright	植
drəm	drum	submerged; to sink	沉
drə̂mʔ	drùmp	soaking (in dew), deep	湛
drən	drun	dust	塵
drəŋ	drung	1. to correct, chastise	懲
		2. suppress	懲
drəŋʔ	drunk	I, said by king; the “royal we”	朕
drəp	drup	to cluster like insects	蟄
drjawk	dryawk	sleek, brilliant, glossy; to wash	濯
drjawks	dryawks	wash clothes	濯
də	du	1. this, a certain	時
		2. correct, good	時
		3. fowl-hole in wall	塒
də̂	dù	1. a tower	臺
		2. sedge used to make rainwear	薹
dəʔ	duc	1. time; then, now; season, seasonable; at all times, constantly	時
		2. rely on, depend on	恃
		3. market	市
dək	duk	1. namely	寔
		2. level	殖
		3. limpid	湜
də̂k	dùk	1. upright, straight	特
		2. one of a pair, mate; a match for; an only one	特
		3. a three-year-old animal	特
dəm	dum	1. reliable, trustworthy; to trust, rely on	忱，諶
		2. small stove	煁
dəmʔ	dump	mulberry fruit	葚
də̂mʔ	dùmp	hang down (hair)	髧
dəms	dums	excessively, very	甚
dən	dun	1. time; timely	辰
		2. doe	麎
dəŋ	dung	1. lift up, present, honour, celebrate; receive, hence meet in battle	承
		2. continue	承
də̂nʔ	dùnt	cause to cease; extinguish, ruin, destroy	殄
djaŋ	dyang	1. standard, normal, constant; Dyang (Chang), a city in the west of Ràc	常
		2. to taste; the “tasting”, hence the autumn sacrifice	嘗
		3. bagrid catfish	鱨
djaŋ, djaŋ-lîts	dyang, dyang-lìts	cherry tree	常，常棣
djaŋs	dyangs	above, up, on	上
djaŋʔ	dyank	go up	上
djaw	dyaw	tablets of even-numbered ancestors in temple	昭
djâw	dyàw	1. Chinese trumpet vine, Campsis grandiflora	苕
		2. a type of pea	苕
djâwʔ	dyàwc	pierce, cut	趙
djâwk	dyàwk	to condole, pity; grieved	弔
djawk-jawk	dyawk-yawk	peony	勺藥
dzâ	dzà	advance, go to, pass; Dzà-rù (Culai), a mountain near Mount Tai	徂；徂來
dzaʔ	dzac	stop, prevent	沮
dzak	dzak	register of field revenues	籍
dzâk	dzàk	1. return a toast, reward	酢
		2. oak	柞
dzâks	dzàks	blessing, prosperity, dignity	祚
dzân	dzàn	damage, injury; cruel	殘
dzaŋ	dzang	1. injure	戕
		2. wall	牆
dzâŋ	dzàng	to store, hoard, treasure up	藏
dzans	dzans	gift of food; to give a farewell feast	餞
dzanʔ	dzant	1. tread, trample	踐
		2. shallow; armoured with thin mail	俴
dzânʔ	dzànt	a ladle for pouring a libation	瓚
dzap	dzap	1. break off hastily	寁
		2. victory; nimble	捷
dzaw	dzaw	1. collect firewood	樵
		2. worn	譙
dzâwk	dzàwk	to bore, chisel out	鑿
dzâj	dzày	disease	瘥
dzem	dzem	to lie at the bottom of water; wade	潛
dzên	dzèn	before, precede, former	前
dzeŋ	dzeng	1. for sky to clear	星
		2. affection	情
dzeŋʔ	dzenk	quiet, pure; to make tranquil, to be quiet, acquiesce	靖，靜
dzes	dzes	accumulate; a heap	柴
dzêt	dzèt	cut, trim, hence restrain, govern	截
dzi	dzi	1. thatch; to pile up	茨
		2. puncture-vine	茨
dzî	dzì	1. equal, uniform; reverent; Dzì (Qi), a state	齊
		2. quick-witted	齊
dzîʔ	dzìc	shepherd’s-purse	薺
dzin	dzin	1. luxuriant, growing profusely	蓁
		2. cicada	螓
dzin	Dzin	Qin, a state, later the first imperial dynasty	秦
dzins	dzins	1. promoted, prominent	藎
		2. ashes; burned	燼
dzinʔ	dzint	exhaust, entirely	盡
dzis	dzis	1. follow, associate with; from	自
		2. oneself	自
dzîs	dzìs	1. angry	懠
		2. sheaf, bundle	穧
dzit	dzit	sickness, pain, injure; urgent, energetic; dzit-ouy, terrifying	疾；疾威
dzît	dzìt	crestlike	節
dziw	dziw	1. collect, bring together	揫
		2. to achieve, to end	酋
dziw-dzî	dziw-dzì	larva of a kind of beetle	蝤蠐
dzôk	dzòk	clan	族
dzoŋ	dzong	follow, pursue, attend to business	從
dzoŋs	dzongs	follower, attendant	從
dzot	dzot	1. exceed; extremely	絕
		2. extinguish	絕
dzû	dzòu	servant, set of servants; Dzòu (Cao), a small state	曹
dzû	Dzòu	Cao, a city of Wets, briefly its capital	漕
dzûʔ	dzòuc	1. make, do; achieve	造
		2. unripe (grain)	皁
dzûŋ	dzòung	junction of two rivers	潀
dzûnʔ	dzòunt	cherry salmon	鱒
dzus	dzous	come to, attain	就
dzut	dzout	high-pointed	崒
dzuts	dzouts	1. collect, assemble	萃
		2. fatigue, distress	瘁
dzûj	dzòuy	1. repress	摧
		2. break; hence, cut fodder	摧
dzûj, dzûj-ŋûj	dzòuy, dzòuy-ngòuy	craggy	崔，崔嵬
dzûjʔ	dzòuyc	offence, crime	罪
dzôjʔ	dzòyc	sit	坐
dzôjs	dzòys	a seat	坐
dzə̂	dzù	well-endowed, able, strong	才
dzə̂ʔ	dzùc	at; exist, live	在
dzə̂k	dzùk	injure	賊
dzə̂m	dzùm	silkworm	蠶
dzə̂n	dzùn	to dwell at	存
dzə̂ŋ	dzùng	1. hate	憎
		2. marker of perfect tense	曾
dzə̂ŋs	dzùngs	give; a gift	贈
dzə̂ns	dzùns	repeatedly	薦
dzəp	dzup	1. harmonious	輯
		2. collect, bring together, hold together	輯
		3. come together and settle, as birds; accomplish	集
dzə̂p	dzùp	mixed, variegated	雜
dzəs	dzus	to breed, nurture, love, fondle	字
dzə̂s	dzùs	1. to load	載
		2. to erect shuttering for building walls	栽
dzʷan	dzwan	a spring	泉
ʔek	ek	increase	益
ʔêk	èk	part of a yoke	厄
ʔem	em	contented, tranquil	厭
ʔemʔ	emp	a kind of wild mulberry tree	檿
ʔems	ems	satiate; abundant, fine	厭
ʔên	Èn	Yan, a state	燕
ʔêns	èns	take pleasure, be at ease; to feast; a feast	燕，宴
ʔêns-ʔêns	èns-èns	a swallow (bird)	燕燕
ʔêns-ʔonʔ	èns-ont	beautiful	嬿婉
ʔêp	èp	bury	瘞
ʔep-ʔəp	ep-up	moist	厭浥
ga	ga	vast, spacious	渠
gâ	gà	1. how, why, what?	胡
		2. dewlap	胡
		3. calabash; a ‘hu’ vase	壺
ga-dra	ga-dra	rough bamboo mat	籧篨
gaʔ	gac	1. oppose, resist	距
		2. black millet	秬
		3. upright posts of drum or bell stand	虡
gâʔ	gàc	1. rely on, depend on	怙
		2. blessings	祜
		3. door, house	戶
		4. wooded hill	岵
		5. unknown tree species	楛
		6. must (scarcely-fermented wine, see Ode 165)	酤
gak	gak	tongue	臄
gâk	gàk	a badger	貉
gâmʔ	gàmp	rumbling of a carriage	檻
gan	gan	1. reverent	虔
		2. cut, kill	虔
gân	gàn	1. cold	寒
		2. prop up, support; wing, to fly	翰
gân	Gàn	Han, a place-name	韓
gaŋ	gang	strong, violent	彊
gâŋ	gàng	1. travel by water	杭
		2. for a bird to stretch its neck	頏
		3. a row, rank	行
gâŋs	gàngs	strong, vigorous	行
gaŋʔ	gank	make an effort; compel	彊
gâns	gàns	guard, protect, ward off	扞
gânʔ	gànt	dry, drought; Gànt (Han), a mountain	旱
gat	gat	1. to exhaust	竭
		2. surpassing, outstanding; hero; single	傑
ɦâʔ	Ghàc	dynasty, see Ode 304	桀
		4. lift on shoulder; high	揭
gât	gàt	1. what, where, when, how, why?	曷
		2. rough haircloth	褐
gâts	gàts	to hurt, be hurt; damage, harm	害
gaw	gaw	high	喬
gaw, droŋ-gaw	gaw, drong-gaw	a long-tailed species of pheasant	鷮，重鷮
gawʔ	gawc	elegant, beautiful	糾
gâwʔ	Gàwc	Hao, Western Tiw capital (p. 8)	鎬
gawk	gawk	high-stepping, robust-looking; conceited	蹻
gâwk	gàwk	a crane	鶴
gaj	gay	chisel	錡
gâj	gày	1. what, how, why?	何
		2. lotus	荷
gâj	Gày	Yellow River	河
gajʔ	gayc	cooking pot	錡
gâjʔ	gàyc	carry	何
gâjs	gàys	congratulate	賀
ge	ge	1. illness; suffer	疧
		2. wheel hub	軝
ge	Ge	Qishan, a mountain	岐
gê	gè	why, what, where? Gè Se (Qi Si), brother of a lord of Ràc	奚；奚斯
geʔ	gec	a clan; suffix to a name indicating a lady, or the clan leader	氏
geŋ	geng	city wall, esp. inner wall; city; to fortify	城
gêŋ	gèng	1. punish; law	刑
		2. a model; imitate	形
gêŋ	Gèng	Xing, a state	邢
gêns	gèns	appear	見
gênʔ-gʷrânʔ	gènt-gwrànt	beautiful	睍睆
gêp	gèp	grasp; hold between fingers, pinch; hold on to; embrace	挾
ɦâ	ghà	a verbal question mark or exclamation mark	乎
ɦâ	ghà	at; X ghà, at X	乎
ɦâʔ	ghàc	great; Ghàc (Xia), the first Chinese dynasty, later used for the culturally- Chinese states as opposed to the tribal periphery	夏
ɦâʔ kjə, ɦâʔ nə̂m	Ghàc Kyu, Ghàc Nùm	Xia Ji, Xia Nam: a mother and son of Drin	夏姬，夏南
ɦâw	ghàw	cry out	號
ɦôʔ	ghòc	after	後
ɦôs	ghòs	go behind, support	後
giʔ	gic	regard	視
gin	gin	slave, servant	臣
gîn	gìn	wise, worthy	賢
gip	gip	1. ten	十
		2. archer’s armlet	拾
gis	gis	1. to show	示
		2. enjoy	嗜
git	git	straight	佶
gît	gìt	1. tuck flaps of skirt under girdle to make a carrying-pocket	襭
		2. for a bird to straighten its neck	頡
giw	giw	long and curved like a horn	觩
glaŋ	glang	1. great; Glang (Tang), an antiquarian name for Tzins state; glang-lìts, a type of cherry, probably great white cherry	唐；唐棣
		2. dodder (a parasitic weed)	唐
		3. path to temple door	唐
go	go	toil	劬
gô	gò	1. a particle, often introductory: “Now,…”, or equivalent to wi, q.v.	侯
		2. marquis, noble in general; princely	侯
		3. target	侯
		4. throat	喉
		5. dried food, provisions	餱
gôʔ	gòc	thick, ample, generous	厚
gok	gok	bend the body, curl up	局
gon	gon	1. a bend; curved; handsome	卷
		2. fist; force, strength	拳
gôn	gòn	to build, to complete; Gòn (Wan), son of Jang Kyang, see Ode 26	完
gon-la	gon-la	to sprout; beginning of anything	權輿
goŋ	gong	1. distressed	邛
		2. mound	邛
gôŋ	gòng	1. flood	洪
		2. disorder, trouble	訌
		3. wild goose	鴻
		4. toad	鴻
goŋs	gongs	together	共
gos	gos	all, together, complete	具
gôs	gòs	1. to escort, wait on	候
		2. sovereign, lord; Gòs Tzuk (Hou Ji), the Millet Lord, first cereal grower and ultimate ancestor of the Tiw kings, see Ode 245	后；后稷
		3. arrow with metal tip	鍭
got	got	stumble, trample	蹶
gots	gots	1. agile; alert; Gots (Gui), a personal name	蹶
		2. small sacrificial table	嶡
gôts	gòts	unite, assemble, collect, encounter; gòts brans, a skullcap (which gathers the hair together)	會；會弁
gu	gou	1. urgent	絿
		2. long and curved like a horn	捄
		3. seek, beg for	求
		4. meet, assemble	逑
		5. mate, companion; antagonist	仇
		6. a ritual jade object	球
		7. chisel	銶
guʔ	gouc	1. mother’s brother	舅
		2. fault, blame, inauspicious	咎
gûʔ	gòuc	1. bright, splendid; Gòuc Thìn, “Bright Sky”: a name for the supreme god	昊；昊天
		2. vast, great	浩
gûk	gòuk	a bird, perhaps crane; Gòuk (Hu), a placename	鵠
guŋ	goung	poverty, destitution	窮
gunʔ	gount	distress; embarrassed	窘
guts	gouts	1. fail; defective	匱
		2. food; a gift of food	饋
gûjʔ-dûj	gòuyc-dòuy	exhausted, ill	瘣隤
gôjʔ	gòyc	calamity; chastise	禍
grâ	grà	1. what, how?	遐
		2. far, far from, far-reaching; pu grà X, X is very probable, there is sure to be X	遐；不遐Ｘ
		3. flaw, blemish	瑕
		4. horse of mixed red and white colour	騢
grâʔ	gràc	down, below	下
grâm	gràm	to carry in the mouth	銜
grâmʔ	gràmp	jet of water	檻
grâms	gràms	mirror	鑒
grân	gràn	1. large, ample	閑
		2. to train; well-trained	閑
		3. see grèn
grâŋ	gràng	1. walk, a road; act, practise	行
		2. yoke of carriage, crossbeam	衡
graŋs	grangs	quarrel, quarrelsome	競
grâŋs	gràngs	go round, inspect	行
grâŋʔ	grànk	floating-hearts, see Ode 1	荇
grâs	gràs	1. go down, send down	下
		2. summer	夏
		3. leisure, respite	暇
grât	gràt	hub of axle and linchpin	舝
grâw	gràw	eat; food	殽
grâws	gràws	imitate	傚
gre	gre	run sure-footedly	伎
grên, grân	grèn, gràn	move leisurely	閑
grênʔ	grènt	refined	嫺
grês-grôs	grès-gròs	happy and carefree	邂逅
gri	gri	1. old	耆
		2. great, numerous	祁
grî	grì	cold	湝
grin	grin	1. vigorous	矜
		2. pitiable, to pity	矜
grit	Grit	Ji, a clan name	姞
groʔ	groc	straitened, in want	窶
grôŋs	gròngs	alley, lane, street	巷
grôŋʔ	grònk	neck, to stretch the neck	項
grôns	gròns	calamity	患
grôts	gròts	word, speak	話
gru	grou	road junction, crossroads	逵
grûk	gròuk	learn	學
grûŋ	gròung	submit	降
grûj	gròuy	bosom; to cherish, be anxious about, hope for, long for	懷
grûjs	gròuys	ruin, ruined	壞
grə̂k	grùk	1. kernel; stone fruit	核
		2. wing	𦑜
grə̂m	grùm	all; complete; to unite	咸
grəns	gruns	1. to plaster, bury	墐
		2. have an audience with a superior	覲
		3. famine	饉
grə̂p	Grùp	a town or river in Nots state	郃
grə̂p	grùp	assemble; accomplish; to accord with, concordant	洽
grə̂s	grùs	weapon, tool	械
gə	gu	1. his, her, its, their; (occasionally) your, my, our; A gu B, how B A is!	其
		2. to wish that; auxiliary expressing future or wish	其
		3. dappled grey	騏，綦
		4. prosperity; fortunate	祺
		5. a fixed time, date	期
gə	Gu	Qi, a river of Henan, see Ode 48	淇
gə-rin, rin	gu-rin, rin	unicorn, see Ode 11	麒麟，麟
gək	guk	extreme point; a limit; attain; arrive at extreme	極
gəm	gum	1. reeds	芩
		2. a Chinese lute	琴
gə̂m	gùm	contain	函
gə̂mʔ-lə̂mʔ	gùmp-lùmp	lotus blossom	菡萏
gəms	gums	sash	衿
gən	gun	1. toil, diligent, devoted	勤
		2. watercress	芹
gəŋ	gung	strong, terrible	兢
gə̂ŋ	gùng	constant	恆
gəns	guns	be near to, keep close to	近
gənʔ	gunt	near	近
gəp	gup	come to, attain, go as far as; and, together with	及
gə̂p	gùp	join, unite; harmony; complete; a mate	合
gəs	gus	dread; hate; cautious	忌
gəj	guy	1. tall	頎
		2. pray, beg, announce	祈
		3. doorway, threshold	畿
		4. royal domain; guy-pac, minister of war	畿，圻；圻父
		5. dragon banner	旂
gʷâ	gwà	fox	狐
gʷâk	gwàk	1. boil	濩
		2. reap, cut; Gwàk (Huo), a place-name	穫
gʷaks	gwaks	fear	懼
gʷân	gwàn	rush, sedge	萑，莞
gʷaŋ	gwang	mad, foolish	狂
gʷâŋ	gwàng	1. yellow; gwàng tìwc, “yellow bird”: black-naped oriole	黃；黃鳥
		2. reed organ, or tongue of wind instrument	簧
gʷaŋʔ	gwank	deceive	迋
gʷânʔ	gwànt	wash	澣
gʷâs	gwàs	melon, gourd	瓠
gʷât	gwàt	1. alive; keep someone alive	活
		2. join	佸
gʷên	gwèn	suspend	縣
gʷeŋ	gweng	1. scared, alone and helpless	惸，睘，嬛
		2. precious; precious stone	瓊
gʷêŋʔ	gwènk	distant	泂
gʷênʔ	gwènt	pure (of jade)	鞙
gʷi	gwi	mallow	葵
gʷiʔ	gwic	measure, estimate, examine, manage	揆
gʷîn	gwìn	black	玄
gʷits	gwits	a shaking movement	悸
gʷrâŋ	gwràng	to plough crosswise	衡
gʷrânʔ	gwrànt	brilliant (of stars)	睆
gʷren	gwren	handsome	婘
gʷrəj	gwruy	sturdy	騤
gʷə	gwu	1. fur garment	裘
		2. adorned with jewels	俅
		3. triangular blade	厹
		4. remote wilderness	艽
gʷəʔ	gwuc	ancient	舊
gʷən	gwun	a flock, class; all	群，羣
gʷə̂ŋ	gwùng	vast, to enlarge	弘
gʷə̂ts	gwùts	violent, energetic; for a river to break its banks	潰
gjaw	gyaw	1. piled up, high, dangerous	翹
		2. mallow	荍
ha	ha	modest	虛
hâʔ	hàc	whack!	許
hâk	hàk	moat	壑
hamʔ-sôn	Hamp-sòn	Xianyun, a northern tribe, see Ode 167	玁狁
haŋ	hang	1. fragrant, perfume	香
		2. region, tract	鄉
		3. a feast; enjoy a feast; provide food and drink for a feast or sacrifice	享，饗
haŋs	hangs	1. turn towards, face towards; facing; south (i.e. facing the sun)	鄉
		2. north-facing window	向
hâns	Hàns	Han River	漢
hânʔ	hànt	scorch	暵
hap	hap	sides of body	脅
hâs	hàs	call out, shout	呼
hat-haw	hat-haw	type of dog	猲獢
hâw	hàw	1. clamour, noise	囂
		2. wormwood	蒿
hajs	hays	to joke, sport	戲
hêŋ	hèng	fragrance	馨
hênʔ	hènt	bright, illustrious; Hènt (Xian), a personal name	顯
hi	hi	yarrow	蓍
hlâʔ	hlàc	tiger; Hlàc (Hu), a personal name; hlàc gin, “tiger officers”: special forces	虎；虎臣
hok	hok	urge, stimulate	勗
hoŋ	hong	1. unlucky, bad; contrary to natural order	凶
		2. discord; to litigate	訩
hôŋ	hòng	burn	烘
hos	hos	warm; heat	煦
hu	hou	1. to rest; ease, rest; benefit, blessing, happy; grace	休
		2. kind of bird—owl?	梟
hû	hòu	1. to clear away, to weed	薅
		2. a tiger’s roar	虓
huʔ	houc	to rot, decay	朽
hûʔ	hòuc	good, beautiful	好
huk	houk	cherish	慉
hûs	hòus	to love	好
hrâk	hràk	1. majestic	赫
		2. fire-red	赫
		3. to manifest	赫
hrâks	hràks	scold, rebuke	嚇
hrâwk	hràwk	rich white colour (of birds)	翯
hrâws	hràws	filial piety	孝
hriwk	hriwk	Japanese dock	蓫
hrə̂mʔ	hrùmp	roaring, enraged (as a tiger)	闞
hə	hu	brightness, splendour	熙
hə	Hu	Xi, a marquis of Ràc, see Ode 300	僖
həʔ	huc	joy, rejoice	喜
hək	huk	red	奭
həm	hum	enjoy; elated	歆
hən	hun	rejoice; delicious	欣
həŋ	hung	raise, rise, prosper	興
həp	hup	1. united, harmonious; to draw in	翕
		2. to stretch	翕
		3. roar of rushing water	㴔
hət	hut	come to, reach	迄
həts	huts	to collect, to rest	塈
həj	huy	1. groan	屎
		2. first light of the sun; to dry	晞
hʷa	hwa	1. oh!, alas!; pained; hwa-tzay, exclamation of excitement or grief	吁；吁嗟
		2. great	訏
hʷaʔ	hwac	1. cork-oak, see Ode 121	栩
		2. a ceremonial cap	冔
hʷâk	hwàk	sprouting leaves of bean plants	藿
hʷan	hwan	1. forget	諼
		2. ocarina	壎
hʷân	hwàn	a badger	貆
hʷâŋ	hwàng	loud sound of crying or bell	喤
hʷaŋs	hwangs	1. give, confer on	貺
		2. increase	況
hʷaŋʔ	hwank	distressed, disappointed, confused	怳
hʷâns	hwàns	1. ample	渙
		2. cry out, clamour	嚾
hʷanʔ	hwant	brilliant, illustrious, conspicuous	恒，咺
hʷât	hwàt	sound of splash	濊
hʷâts	hwàts	1. ample, deep	噦
		2. tinkle	噦
		3. sound of wings	翽
hʷe	hwe	marlinspike	觿
hʷen	hwen	smart, nimble	儇
hʷêns	hwèns	bluish-black horse	駽
hʷîn	hwìn	far away	洵
hʷins	hwins	hibiscus; Hwins (Shun), a legendary emperor	舜
hʷit	hwit	water channel, moat	洫
hʷît	hwìt	blood	血
hʷîts	hwìts	small; to make a shrill sound	嘒
hʷraŋ	hwrang	elder brother	兄
hʷə̂ʔ	hwùc	dried, minced, and pickled meat	醢
hʷək	hwuk	bundle of threads	緎
hʷəks	hwuks	still, quiet	侐
hʷən	hwun	1. befuddled	醺
		2. to smoke, steam	熏
hʷəns	hwuns	instruct, explain; obey	訓
hʷəj	hwuy	1. flame, brightness	輝
		2. a kind of pheasant	翬
hʷəjʔ	hwuyc	1. sound of thunder	虺
		2. the young of snakes, brood of snakes	虺
hʷəjs	hwuys	vegetation	卉
hjâw	hyàw	alarm call	嘵
hjawʔ	hyawc	few	少
hjawk	hyawk	beautiful, fine	鑠
hjeŋ	hyeng	sound, voice, fame	聲
hjos	hyos	guard a border	戍
hju	hyou	receive, harvest; front-to-back dimension of a vehicle	收
hjuʔ	hyouc	1. to keep, guard	守
		2. to hunt	狩
hjus	hyous	an animal; to hunt	獸
ʔi	i	this; is; a grammar word; equivalent to wi 維, q.v.	伊
ʔî	ì	1. a wild duck, perhaps widgeon	鷖
		2. a syllable inserted for rhythm	兮
ʔi-ʔuj	i-ouy	woodlouse	伊威
ʔin	in	1. continue	因
		2. rely on, trusting, devoted	因
		3. marriage; an in-law	姻
		4. sacrifice	禋
		5. piebald horse	駰
		6. mat	茵
ʔin-tâ	in-tà	double gate in an outer town wall	闉闍
ʔit	it	one; it X, all X, the whole of X; It Nin, “the One Man”: the king	一，壹；一人
ʔît	ìt	choke	噎
ʔits	its	1. excellent, beautiful; deep	懿
		2. repress; repressed, dignified	懿
ʔîts	ìts	1. overcast, windblown sky	曀
		2. kill; a fallen dead tree	殪
ʔiw	iw	1. dark; Iw (You), last king of Western Tiw	幽
		2. the call of a deer	呦
ʔîwʔ-kiwʔ	ìwc-kiwc	elegant, beautiful	窈嬌
ʔîwʔ-lîwʔ	ìwc-lìwc	alluring	窈窕
tsra	ja	to pickle	菹
tsraʔ	jac	1. precipitous, dangerous, impenetrable	阻
		2. small sacrificial table	俎
tsrâk	jàk	clear away trees and bushes	柞
tsrâmʔ	jàmp	to cut off, cut down	斬
tsraŋ	Jang	Zhuang, name of various nobles; Jang Kyang (Zhuang Jiang), a noblewoman of Wets, see Ode 26	莊；莊姜
tsraŋs	jangs	strong, robust, great	壯
tsras	jas	to curse; an oath	詛
tsrâw	jàw	nest	巢
tsrek	jek	oblique, slanting	仄
tsrêk	jèk	mat	簀
tsrêŋ	jèng	strife, contend with one another; jèng X, fight about X	爭
tsrêts	jèts	suffer; distress	瘵
tsrî	jì	purify oneself; purified	齋
tsrin	jin	1. numerous, prolific	溱
		2. arrive, reach	臻
		3. hazel	榛
tsrin	Jin	Zhen, a river of Henan	溱
tsrit	jit	a comb	櫛
tsro	jo	a groom	騶
tsrot	jot	to sprout	茁
tsru	Jou	Zou, a personal and place name	棸
tsrûʔ	jòuc	claw	爪
tsrus	jous	crinkle	縐
tsrə	ju	1. black	緇
		2. newly cultivated field	菑
tsrək	juk	side; turn on its side	側
tsrəms	jums	to bad-mouth, accuse	譖
tsrəp	jup	1. cluster together, swarm	揖
		2. collect, store; fold up (wings)	戢
		3. crowded together	濈
tsrəs	jus	1. cleave apart	菑
		2. minced meat	胾
		3. standing dead tree	菑
ka	ka	1. grasp	据
		2. netsuke gem	琚
		3. vehicle	車
		4. a grammar word	居
kâ	kà	1. now, for the moment	姑
		2. guilt, crime	辜
		3. father’s sister	姑
kaʔ	kac	1. in the end	居
		2. round basket	筥
kaʔ, kas	kac, kas	dwell; sit down, repose; a position; tranquil	居
kaʔ	Kac	Ju, a place name	莒
kâʔ	kàc	1. ancient	古
		2. blind	瞽
		3. slack, remiss, defective	盬
		4. drum; to play a percussion instrument	鼓
		5. merchant	賈
		6. net	罟
		7. ram (male sheep)	羖
		8. thigh	股
kâk	kàk	1. each	各
		2. shelf; kàk-kàk, one above another like shelves	閣；閣閣
kâks	kàks	strong, firm	固
kâm	kàm	sweet; kàm dàng, birchleaf pear	甘；甘棠
kâmʔ	kàmp	dare	敢
kân	kàn	1. seek, get	干
		2. dry	乾
		3. rod, pole	竿
		4. a shield	干
		5. river bank; stream in a ravine; Kàn (Gan), a place name	干
kaŋ	kang	1. limit, frontier	疆
		2. ? fierce, or ? uxorious, see Ode 49	彊
kâŋ	kàng	1. hard	剛
		2. controlling rope of a net; regulator, to regulate	綱
		3. hill, ridge	岡
kans	kans	set up, establish	建
kâns	kàns	to correct, keep in line	榦
kas	kas	1. arrogant	倨
		2. depend on	據
		3. “walking-stick tree”, see Ode 241	椐
		4. see kac, kas
kâs	kàs	1. old, long acquaintance	故
		2. turn one’s head and look; look with favour on; Kàs (Gu), a state	顧
		3. cause, reason	故
kat	kat	1. rising straight and slender, as a lance	孑
		2. raise; high, tall	揭
		3. whole, integral	孑
kât	kàt	lablab bean and related vines (see Ode 2)	葛
kâts	kàts	namely; yes indeed; and so; because	蓋
kaw	kaw	1. elegant, beautiful	嬌
		2. high; proud, arrogant	驕
kâw	kàw	1. high	高
		2. lamb	羔
kawʔ	kawc	strong, warlike	蹻
kâwʔ	kàwc	white or undyed silk	縞
kâws	kàws	grease, ointment; moisten, enrich	膏
kâj	kày	1. all right	哿
		2. sing; song	歌
		3. axe-handle	柯
kajʔ	kayc	pull aside	掎
ke	ke	1. only	祗
		2. branch	支，枝
kê	kè	chicken	雞
keʔ	kec	a grammar word; may it be so!; verbal exclamation mark	只
kêk	kèk	beat a drum	擊
kêm-krâ	kèm-krà	rushes, sedge	蒹葭
kên	kèn	1. shoulder	肩
		2. mature pig	豜
kêŋ	Kèng	Jing, a river of Shaanxi	涇
kêŋ	kèng	to plan; a norm; kèng-weng, regulate	經；經營
kêns	kèns	to see	見
kes	kes	wicked, malign	忮
kês	kès	continue, connect	繼
kêt	kèt	pure	潔
kets	kets	to tailor clothes	制
kʰa	kha	1. strong, robust	祛
		2. sleeve	袪
		3. mound, ruins, abandoned city	虛
		4. uprights of a musical-instrument stand	虛
kʰaʔ	khac	put away, eliminate	去
kʰâʔ	khàc	bitter; sowthistle	苦
kʰak	khak	coarse cloth	綌
kʰâk	khàk	respect; reverent	恪
kʰaŋ	Khang	Qiang, a western group of tribes	羌
kʰâŋ	khàng	prosperous; at ease; joyful; Khàng (Kang), name of the third Tiw-dynasty king, and of a lord of Dzin	康
kʰâŋs	khàngs	1. high	伉
		2. to set up	抗
kʰâns	khàns	rejoice	衎
kʰas	khas	go away	去
kʰat	khat	1. go away	朅
		2. martial-looking	朅
kʰât	khàt	thirst, thirsty	渴
kʰats	khats	1. to rest	愒，憩
		2. lift one’s clothes	揭
kʰaw	khaw	vigorous, robust	驕
kʰâjʔ	khàyc	be able to; khàyc Verb, Verbable, worth Verbing; khàyc luc, can use X to do, (or just) can, be able	可；可以
kʰeʔ	khec	stand on tiptoe	跂
kʰêŋs	khèngs	1. empty; exhaustively	罄，罊
		2. musical stone	磬
kʰêŋʔ	khènk	be willing	肯
kʰens	khens	reprimand	譴
kʰêns	khèns	be visible, be like	俔
kʰenʔ	khent	send	遣
kʰenʔ-kʷʰanʔ	khent-kwhant	cling to; attached closely	繾綣
kʰes	khes	slanting	𢺵
kʰêt-kʰôt	khèt-khòt	separated, far apart	契闊
kʰêts	khèts	1. to notch a tortoise shell for divination	契
		2. distressed; Khèts (Qi), ancestor of the Un dynasty, see Ode 303	契
		3. separated, distanced	契
kʰîʔ	khìc	1. to open, lead the way	啟
		2. bow head to ground	稽
		3. kneel; khìc-kac, khìc-k’hlac, to rest, take a break	啟；啟居，啟處
kʰîn	khìn	lead a beast	牽
kʰits	khits	throw away, abandon	棄
kʰlaʔ	khlac	large; large-mouthed	哆
k-hlaʔ	k’hlac	stay, dwell; to place, stay still; be tranquil	處
kʰlak	khlak	red	赤
k-hlaŋ	k’hlang	splendid, bright; to flourish	昌
k-hlaŋs	k’hlangs	to lead singing, intone	倡
kʰlajʔ	khlayc	enlarge	移
kʰloŋ	khlong	even, just	傭
k-hlun	k’hloun	stream, river	川
k-hlut	k’hlout	go out, bring out, send out	出
k-hluts	k’hlouts	bring out, take out	出
k-hləŋ	k’hlung	lift up	稱
k-hləŋs	k’hlungs	estimate, appreciate; equal to, corresponding to	稱
kʰo	kho	drive forward; trot (see Ode 163)	驅
kʰôʔ	khòc	mouth	口
kʰok	khok	a bend; bent; khok-gok, tangled	曲；曲局
kʰôŋ	khòng	hollow, empty	空
kʰôŋs	khòngs	1. to exhaust	空
		2. pull up a horse; throw; throw oneself on, hence rush to	控
kʰoŋʔ	khonk	fear	恐
kʰôŋʔ	khònk	very, greatly	孔
kʰôs	khòs	robber	寇
kʰot	khot	1. gap, defect	闕
		2. watchtower over gateway	闕
kʰûʔ	khòuc	1. old; deceased father	考
		2. achieve, complete (a feast)	考
		3. examine	考
		4. to beat	考
		5. a tree species, perhaps Ailanthus fordii	栲
kʰun	khoun	granary	囷
kʰuŋ	khoung	house, palace, temple	宮
kʰut	khout	subdue	屈
kʰût	khòut	dig out	掘
kʰôj	khòy	beautiful	𠏀
kʰrâk	khràk	guest, visitor, stranger	客
kʰran	khran	to tuck up one’s skirt	褰
kʰraŋ	khrang	a minister	卿
kʰraŋs	khrangs	happiness, rejoice	慶
kʰrôts	khròts	comfortable	噲
kʰrûs	khròus	artful, skilful	巧
kʰrəp	khrup	weep silently	泣
kʰrjan	khryan	err, exceed	愆
kʰə	khu	like a demon mask	僛
kʰəʔ	khuc	1. rise	起
		2. matrimony-vine or boxthorn	杞
		3. a high-quality white millet	芑
		4. bare hillside	岂
kʰə̂k	khùk	1. self-controlled	克
		2. can, be able to	克
		3. crush, dominate	克
kʰəm	khum	1. intense; solemn	欽
		2. coverlet	衾
kʰə̂m	khùm	able to bear, equal to	堪
kʰə̂mʔ	khùmp	thump	坎
kʰəp	khup	dry, scorched	㬤
kʰə̂ts	khùts	1. sad	嘅
		2. to sigh	愾
kʰə̂j	khùy	to open	開
kʰəjʔ	khuyc	how?	豈
kʰə̂jʔ	khùyc	happy, joyous, pleasant	豈，凱
k-hju	k’hyou	1. ugly, wicked, ominous	醜
		2. multitude	醜
k-hjus	k’hyous	strong smell	臭
k-hjəʔ	k’hyuc	1. teeth	齒
		2. cooked millet, or to cook millet, esp. for a sacrifice	饎，糦
ki	ki	fat, grease	脂
kî	kì	hairpin	笄
kiʔ	kic	1. delicious	旨
		2. to point	指
		3. bring about, settle	耆
kim	kim	needle; Kim Hlàc (Zhen Hu), a nobleman of Dzin	鍼；鍼虎
kimʔ	kimp	pillow	枕
kîn	kìn	hard, strong, solid	堅
kit	kit	1. lucky, auspicious; Kit (Ji), a personal name	吉
		2. grasp	拮
kît	kìt	to tie, a knot	結
kiw	kiw	down-curving (branch)	樛
kiwʔ	kiwc	twist	糾
kîws	kìws	call out, shout	叫
klaʔ	klac	lift, present offerings	舉
klôk	klòk	valley	谷
klôŋ	klòng	duke, prince; palace	公
ko	ko	colt	駒
kô	kò	1. curved	句
		2. hook	鉤
koʔ	koc	oriental raisin-tree	枸
kôʔ	kòc	1. if only; truly	苟
		2. old; old and wrinkled face	耇
		3. fish trap	笱
		4. filth	垢
		5. doesn’t matter	苟
kôk	kòk	1. treat well; luck	穀
		2. grain; salary	穀
		3. paper mulberry, Broussonetia papyrifera	穀
		4. wheel hub	轂
kôn	kòn	1. cap	冠
		2. a groom, servant	倌
koŋ	kong	provide, serve	供
kôŋ	kòng	1. public, impartial	公
		2. officiate; officer	工
		3. effort, achievement, merit	功
koŋʔ	konk	1. strengthen	鞏
		2. join hands; Konk (Gong), a state	共
koŋʔ, koŋʔ-pek	konk, konk-pek	ritual jade disc (see pek)	珙，珙璧
kons	kons	look on with affection	眷，睠
kôns	kòns	1. lodge; lodging-house	館
		2. pour a sacrificial libation	祼
		3. perforate; fuck; serve	貫
konʔ	kont	to roll; kont-nuc, mouse-ear chickweed	卷；卷耳
kônʔ	kònt	tube, flute	管，筦
kôs	kòs	1. come across, meet	覯
		2. come/bring into conflict with, plot against	構
		3. favour	媾
		4. lattice	冓
		5. pheasant’s call	雊
kot	kot	1. his, her, its, their	厥
		2. “turtle-foot” fern, see Ode 14	蕨
kôt	kòt	Chinese juniper; Kòt (Gui), a state	檜
kôts	kòts	to mince	膾
ku	kou	1. collect	捄
		2. pearl-necked dove	鳩
kû	kòu	1. large drum	鼛
		2. bow-case, quiver; put in bow-case	櫜
		3. lazy, incompetent; Kòu Law (Gao Yao), Minister of Crime for the legendary emperor Hwins	臯，皋；皋陶
kû mə̂n	kòu mùn	outer gate of citadel	臯門
kuʔ	kouc	1. nine	九
		2. onion, leek, garlic	韭
kûʔ	kòuc	pure, bright	皓，杲
kuk	kouk	1. full, ample	鞠
		2. entirely	鞫
		3. nourish	鞠
		4. to address, inform	鞠
		5. exhaust, go to extreme; destitute	鞫
		6. handful	匊
		7. outside of river bend	泦
kûk	kòuk	announce, report	告
kun	koun	fallow deer	麕
kûn	Kòun	a branch of the Luy tribes	混
kûn	kòun	elder brother; Kòun-ngà (Kunwu), a state	昆；昆吾
kuŋ	koung	1. body, person	躬
		2. palace, citadel; temple	宮
kûŋ	kòung	to work at; well-worked, solid	攻
kûnʔ	kòunt	1. cord	緄
		2. royal robe embroidered with dragons	袞
kus	kous	1. rescue, help	救
		2. go to extremes; extravagant	究
		3. scrutinize	究
		4. a stable	廄
kûj	kòuy	a kind of gemstone	瑰
kujs	kouys	ashamed	愧
kôj	kòy	pass by; Kòy (Guo), a stream	過
kôjʔ-rôjʔ	kòyc-ròyc	1. potter wasp, Eumenes pomiformis	蜾蠃
		2. plant related to cucumber, see Ode 156	果臝
krâ	krà	1. house, family; Krà (Jia), a personal name	家
		2. rush, sedge	葭
krâʔ	kràc	1. great; abundance, felicity	嘏，假
		2. go to, esp. go to an ancestor’s temple to worship him	假
		3. borrow; kràc mits, “borrow sleep”: to have a nap without undressing	假；假寐
		4. a three-legged ‘jia’ wine bowl	斝
krak	krak	a kind of lance or sword	戟
krâk	kràk	arrive, spread out, extend to	格
krâm	kràm	look at, inspect	監
krâms	kràms	mirror	鑒
krân	kràn	red-grass, see Ode 139	菅
kraŋ	krang	mound, hill; great; capital city	京
krâŋ	kràng	soup	羹
krâŋ-ŋâʔ	kràng-ngàc	seventh in the 60-day cycle	庚午
kraŋs	krangs	to the end, entirely	竟
krâŋs	kràngs	continue	賡
kraŋʔ	krank	1. great	景
		2. shadow; Krank (Jing), a hill in Henan	景
krâŋʔ	krànk	suffering, distress	梗
krâns	kràns	1. remonstrate, admonish	諫
		2. stream in a ravine	㵎
krânʔ lêk	Krànt Lèk	Jian Di, mother of Khèts, q.v.	簡狄
krâp	kràp	1. familiar, be familiar with	狎
		2. shell, leather body-armour	甲
krâs	kràs	1. grain; to sow	稼
		2. for a woman to marry	嫁
krâw	kràw	area outside city wall	郊
krâwʔ	kràwc	1. artful, crafty	狡
		2. beautiful	佼
		3. rude	絞
krâwk	kràwk	chariot sidebars, used as elbow-rests	較
krâws	kràws	teach; instruction	教
krâj	krày	1. obtain, hit	加
		2. excellent, delicious, happy; to approve; krày-nga, barbel	嘉；嘉魚
		3. a hairpin jewel	珈
krâjs	kràys	a yoke, to yoke	駕
krên	krèn	1. orchid	蕑
		2. intervening space, middle, among, in; insert	閒
kreŋ	kreng	1. attentive; afraid	驚
		2. bramble, thorny; Kreng (Jing), a southern tribe later absorbed into China as Chac, q.v.	荊
krêŋ	krèng	to plough	耕
kreŋs	krengs	respectful, careful	敬
krêŋʔ	krènk	wide awake	耿
krêns	krèns	replace	閒
krênʔ	krènt	1. loud, great	簡
		2. nonchalant	簡
		3. bamboo writing-slip	簡
krêp	krèp	be on both sides of	夾
krês	krès	idle, careless, remiss	懈
krêts	krèts	1. increase, enlarge; great	介
		2. fishscale	介
		3. boundary	界
kri	kri	a fast, hunger	飢
krî	krì	1. cold	喈
		2. in unison	喈
		3. stair, (hence) promoter	階
krî, krîʔ	krì, krìc	all; in accord; together, to coincide; complete; plentiful; krìc ròuc, “grow old together”: (be one’s) spouse	皆，偕；偕老
kriʔ	kric	a stool, small table; kric-kric, decorated with studs	几；几几
krît	krìt	hold up flaps of skirt to make a carryingpocket	袺
krîts	krìts	reach to; a limit; to moderate oneself	屆
krîw	krìw	1. glue; to fasten together	膠
		2. sound of cock crow	膠
krôk	kròk	1. horn, (or by extension) beak	角
		2. rafter, horizontal branch	桷
krôn	kròn	bar, barrier; also used for kòns, perforate, q.v.	關
kroŋ	krong	reverent, respectful, sincere	恭
krôŋ	Kròng	the Yangtze (though see pp. 6–7)	江
krôns	kròns	1. custom, usage	串
		2. child’s hair bunches	丱
kros	kros	sandal, shoe	屨
kruʔ	krouc	1. wheel-hub	軌
		2. a wide ‘gui’ food bowl	簋
krûʔ	kròuc	disturb	攪
krûk	kròuk	1. straight	覺
		2. wake up	覺
krûŋs	kròungs	descend, send down	降
krôj	kròy	bay horse with black mouth	騧
krə̂k	krùk	1. change	愅
		2. animal hide	革
krə̂mʔ	krùmp	abridge, moderate	減
krən	krun	headcloth	巾
krə̂n	krùn	distress, difficulty; difficult	艱
krə̂s	krùs	1. guard against, warn; careful; be ready for	戒
		2. press, harass	悈
krjan	kryan	faulty, fault	騫
krjâw	kryàw	to cross; across one another	交
kə	ku	1. foundation, to found	基
		2. winnowing-basket	箕
		3. a question particle	其
kəʔ	kuc	leading thread; regulate; rule, norm	紀
kə̂ʔ	kùc	change	改
kək	kuk	1. hurry; urgently; rapid	亟
		2. harassing	棘
		3. thorns; jujube tree	棘
		4. collar	襋
kəm	kum	1. now	今
		2. gold, bronze, metal generally	金
		3. collar	衿
kəmʔ	kump	brocade, patterned silk	錦
kə̂mʔ	kùmp	touch, budge	感
kəŋ	kung	cautious, fear	兢
kə̂ŋs	kùngs	spread out, everywhere	恆
kəns	kuns	perspicuous	斤
kənʔ	kunt	1. cautious	謹
		2. (probably) violet-cress	蓳
kəp	kup	urgent; Kup (Ji), a personal name	急
kə̂p	kùp	knee-cover	韐
kəs	kus	1. this, that	其
		2. a closing grammar word	忌，䢋
kəts	kuts	marker of perfect tense; entirely, all; since, when	既
kə̂ts	kùts	wash, throw water on	溉
kəj	kuy	1. near, imminent	幾
		2. famine	饑
kəjʔ	kuyc	a few; how many?	幾
kʷâ	kwà	1. wail	呱
		2. a net	罛
kʷaʔ	Kwac	Ju, a clan name	楀
kʷaʔ	kwac	solitary	踽
kʷaks	kwaks	anxious; flurried	瞿
kʷân	kwàn	look, look at, see	觀
kʷâŋ	kwàng	1. broad, extensive	光
		2. brightness	光
		3. rushing water; fierce	洸
kʷâŋʔ	kwànk	wide	廣
kʷâns	kwàns	1. heron	鸛
		2. dense growth	灌
kʷânʔ	kwànt	fatigue; exhausted, helpless, lacking anything to rely on	痯
kʷât	kwàt	1. bring together, bind	括
		2. to purl (flowing water)	活
kʷâj	kwày	halberd, see Ode 151	戈
kʷajʔ	kwayc	1. dilapidated	垝
		2. perverse, wily	詭
kʷê	kwè	jade tablet of rank, see Ode 238	圭
kʷên	kwèn	purify; pure	蠲
kʷêŋ	kwèng	1. sturdy (horse)	駉
		2. outlying area far from the capital	駉
kʷêŋʔ	kwènk	light of fire	熲
kʷêt	kwèt	1. a buckle	觼
		2. archer’s thimble, see Ode 60	夬
kʷʰâk	kwhàk	1. wide, ample	廓
		2. leather	鞹
kʷʰân	kwhàn	wide; open-hearted	寬
kʷʰaŋ	kwhang	1. succour, assist, regulate	匡
		2. square basket	筐
kʷʰâŋs	kwhàngs	desolate, waste	曠
kʷʰât	kwhàt	separated, far apart	闊
kʷʰaj	kwhay	damage, injure, destroy	虧
kʷʰeʔ	kwhec	split bands, see Ode 217	頍
kʷʰeŋ	kwheng	1. slanting; kwheng-kwhang, a basket with slanting sides for gathering crops	頃；頃筐
		2. turn over, overthrow	傾
kʷʰêŋʔ	kwhènk	an unlined hempen garment	褧
kʷʰet	kwhet	to break, splinter	缺
kʷʰînʔ	kwhìnt	a dog	犬
kʷʰît	kwhìt	to be at rest	闋
kʷʰrât	kwhràt	big oneself up, boast	誇
kʷʰə	kwhu	hill	丘
kʷʰəŋ	kwhung	hole, hollow	穹
kʷʰə̂ŋ	kwhùng	leather-covered leaning-board of carriage	鞃
kʷʰə̂nʔ	kwhùnt	alley between buildings in a palace compound	壼
kʷin	kwin	even, equal, adjusted	均
kʷits	kwits	1. young; youngest son; Kwits (Ji), grandfather of king Mac	季
		2. autumn	季
kʷrâ	kwrà	melon	瓜
kʷrâʔ	kwràc	solitary, widow; kwràc tsùy, “sole wife”: principal wife, consort	寡；寡妻
kʷrâŋ	kwràng	drinking-horn	觥
kʷraŋʔ	kwrank	far away	憬
kʷrîn	kwrìn	widow	矜
kʷrə	kwru	tortoise; Kwru (Gui), a mountain range in southern Shandong	龜
kʷrəʔ	kwruc	spring gushing from a rock wall	氿
kʷrə̂k	kwrùk	behead	馘
kʷrə̂n	kwrùn	widower; “widower-fish”, see Ode 104	鰥
kʷəʔ	kwuc	1. long time	久
		2. a precious stone, perhaps obsidian	玖
kʷə̂k	kwùk	a country, state	國
kʷən	kwun	1. prince; kwun-tzuc, “princely man”, see p. 15	君；君子
		2. army	軍
kʷəŋ	kwung	bow (for shooting)	弓
kʷə̂ŋ	kwùng	arm, upper arm	肱
kʷəs	kwus	suffering, distress	疚
kʷəj	kwuy	go home, go where one belongs; for a bride to go to her new home	歸
kʷəjʔ	kwuyc	devil, ghost	鬼
kjaŋ	Kyang	Jiang, a clan name; Kyang Ngwan (Jiang Yuan), mother of the Millet Lord, see Ode 245	姜；姜嫄
kjaw	kyaw	bright, illustrious	昭
kjawʔ	kyawc	glorious	昭
kjâwʔ	kyàwc	bright	皦，皎
kjə	Kyu	Ji, a clan name	姬
la	la	1. I, we	余
		2. rich, abundant	與
		3. upward-curling	旟
		4. surplus, remains	餘
		5. falcon flag	旟
		6. field which was already cultivated in the previous season	畬
		7. a closing grammar-word	與
lâ	là	1. mud; plaster, to plaster	塗
		2. bitter; dandelion, sowthistle (see Ode 237)	荼
laʔ	lac	1. and, with; help, associate with	與
		2. I, me	予
		3. give	與，予
		4. wild country	野
lâʔ	làc	glutinous rice	稌
lak	lak	1. great, ample, amply-growing, abundant	繹
		2. pleased; pleasant, mild	懌
		3. fed up with; dislike	射，斁
lak	Lak	Yi, a mountain in southern Shandong	嶧
lâk	làk	underclothes	襗
lâks	làks	sounding full-bodied (music)	斁
lam	lam	attract with a bait, provoke	餤
lâm	làm	1. aflame	惔
		2. speak, chat	談
lan	lan	bamboo mat	筵
laŋ	lang	1. sunny; elated; the “Yang” of Yin v. Yang; the southerly side of a hill or northerly side of a valley; the tenth moon	陽
		2. to lift, stir, raise, winnow	揚
		3. poplar	楊
		4. forehead	揚
		5. battle-axe	揚
		6. sparrowhawk	揚
		7. metal frontlet for horse	鍚
lâŋ	làng	a kind of cicada	螗
lâŋʔ	lànk	1. immense, grand; smooth	蕩
		2. carefree, extravagant	惕
lânʔ	lànt	1. disorderly	誕
		2. an opening particle	誕
lap	lap	1. leaf	葉
		2. generation, epoch	葉
las	las	1. joy, amusement, recreation; praise, renown	譽，豫
		2. some black bird, perhaps raven	鸒
lat	lat	toil, fatigue, suffering	勩
lats	lats	1. to drag, trail; dragging, slow-moving	曳，泄
		2. be dispersed; relieved; leisurely, comfortable	洩，泄
		3. babble; garrulous	詍
law	law	pleased with oneself	陶
lâw	làw	1. abscond, avoid	逃
		2. peach tree; làw droung, “peach insect”: wren	桃；桃蟲
		3. small hand drum	鞉
laj	lay	compliant, conceited, pretentious	訑
lâj	lày	1. flow	沱
		2. tress of several threads	紽
lajʔ	layc	terminates an assertion; A B layc, A is B	也
lek	lek	1. lizard	蜴
		2. raised border dividing fields	埸
lêk	Lèk	Di, tribes of the north, including the Hamp-sòn, q.v.	狄
leks	leks	easy; well-cultivated	易
lemʔ	lemp	pointed, sharp	覃
lêmʔ	lèmp	horse with hairy legs	驔
leŋ	leng	1. fill; full	盈
		2. pillar	楹
lêŋ	lèng	1. straight, upright	庭
		2. court; attend court	庭
		3. thunderclap	霆
lêŋs	lèngs	palace courtyard	廷
lêp	lèp	fear	疊
lêt	lèt	black horse	驖
l̥a	lha	1. relax; at leisure; Lha (Shu), a small tribe near Lujiang, Anhui	舒
		2. writing, document	書
l̥aʔ	lhac	1. put aside, let go, let off	舍
		2. summer heat	暑
l̥ak	lhak	1. put away	釋
		2. wash rice	釋
		3. to sting	螫
		4. lay open	澤
l̥âk	lhàk	dead leaves	蘀
l̥aks	lhaks	all, numerous, abundant; the crowd, the people; probably, possibly, would that …; lhaks-kuy, more or less, possibly, it is to be hoped	庶；庶幾
l̥âmʔ	lhàmp	young silvergrass	菼
l̥aŋ	lhang	1. flowing abundantly	湯
		2. to wound, afflict	傷
l̥aŋ	Lhang	original name (Shang) of the Un dynasty	商
l̥âŋ	lhàng	hot liquid, soup; Lhàng (Tang), the first Un dynasty king	湯
l̥as	lhas	halt, stay overnight	舍
l̥âs	lhàs	hare, rabbit; lhàs-tza, net for trapping rabbits	兔；兔罝
l̥ats	lhats	generation; from generation to generation	世
l̥âw	lhàw	restless	挑
l̥aj	lhay	set a net, spread out	施
l̥âj	lhày	other	它，他
l̥âjʔ	lhàyc	lay burden on	佗
l̥ajs	lhays	bestow, give; spread out, extend	施
l̥eʔ	lhec	pig	豕
l̥ek	lhek	proceed to, to suit, to like, to fall in with	適
l̥êk	lhèk	1. distant; keep at a distance, remove	逷，逖
		2. anxious; anxiety	悐
		3. grieved	惕
		4. to cut	剔
l̥êks	lhèks	swaddling clothes, wrapper	裼
l̥êmʔ	lhèmp	to disgrace	忝
l̥êŋ	lhèng	1. slow, slack	䋼
		2. hear; sound	聽
l̥eŋs	lhengs	wise, a sage	聖
l̥êŋs	lhèngs	to listen to someone, obey	聽
l̥ep	lhep	archer’s thimble	韘
l̥i	lhi	1. to set something out, preside	尸
		2. corpse; Lhi, living representative of ancestor receiving a sacrifice	尸
l̥i-ku	lhi-kou	cuckoo	鳲鳩
l̥iʔ	lhic	1. to display, marshal, extend, spread out; swear, make a solemn declaration	矢
		2. arrow	矢
l̥in	lhin	1. extend; repeat; Lhin (Shen), a state	申，伸
		2. body; wuc lhin, “have body”: be pregnant	身；有身
l̥inʔ	lhint	how much more, a fortiori	矧
l̥it	lhit	1. lose, fail	失
		2. room; house	室
l̥îw	lhìw	gather mulberry leaves for silkworms	條
l̥o	lho	tilt, overturn	輸
l̥ok	lhok	bind; a bundle	束
l̥oŋ	lhong	thresh grain with pestle and mortar	舂
l̥ot	lhot	to speak, to excuse	說
l̥ôt	lhòt	peel off, take away; escape, disappear	脫
l̥ots	lhots	halt, make overnight stop	說
l̥ôts	lhòts	1. easy, leisurely	脫
		2. withdraw, flee	駾
l̥û	lhòu	1. voluminous flow, overflowing; reckless	滔
		2. go away, pass on	慆
l̥uʔ	lhouc	head; used for counting animals, cf. “three head of cattle”	首
l̥ujʔ	lhouyc	water; river	水
l̥ə	lhu	poetry	詩
l̥ə̂	lhù	pufferfish	鮐
l̥əʔ	lhuc	begin	始
l̥ək	lhuk	1. know	識
		2. adorn; ornament	飾
		3. to use; lhuk muy, it’s no use	式；式微
		4. a model; follow a model	式
		5. equivalent to nu, q.v.	式
l̥ə̂k	lhùk	make a mistake; deceitful	忒
l̥əks	lhuks	to apply; to test, (hence) to vie with	試
l̥əŋ	lhung	1. go up	升
		2. measure of capacity, about a quart	升
l̥əŋs	lhungs	conquer	勝
l̥jâw	lhyàw	mean, ungenerous	恌
l̥jâwk	lhyàwk	jump	躍，趯
li	li	a plant, perhaps Orontium aquaticum	桋
lîmʔ	lìmp	bamboo mat	簟
lîn	lìn	field, cultivated land; to “take the field”, i.e. hunt	田
lins	lins	1. trace (linking draught horse to vehicle)	靷
		2. small “introducer” drum	朄
lîns	lìns	1. bring into cultivation, put in order	田，甸
		2. lightning	電
linʔ	lint	to lead, prolong	引
lit	lit	be at ease	逸
lît	lìt	1. alternate	迭
		2. stem of melon or gourd	瓞
lits	lits	1. remnant; a remaining branch	肄
		2. toil	肄
lîts	lìts	cherry tree	棣
lîw	lìw	1. long, drawn-out	條
		2. metal-ornamented	鞗
		3. pale chub, Zacco platypus	鰷
		4. branch	條
		5. rowan	條
lîwk	lìwk	1. advance; promote	迪
		2. cleanse; cleansed, denuded, dried up	滌
lo	lo	1. enjoy; enjoyable	愉
		2. pass or jump over	踰
		3. change	渝
		4. David elm, Ulmus davidiana	榆
loʔ	loc	1. to increase	愈
		2. sickness, suffering	瘉
lok	lok	to wish	欲
lôk	lòk	recite, read	讀
loks	loks	liberal, indulgent	裕
loŋ	long	1. use; be busy; Long (Yong), a clan name	庸
		2. contain, hold, admit	容
		3. a wall, to wall	墉
		4. appearance	容
		5. large bell	鏞
		6. ceremonial knife	容
loŋ	Long	Yong, a place-name (see p. 83)	鄘
loŋs	longs	to use; by means of; X longs, because of X	用
loŋʔ	lonk	1. brave	勇
		2. jump	踊
lot	lot	1. pleased, glad	悅
		2. hole, burrow	閱
lôt	lòt	snatch, rob	奪
lôts	lòts	open a way through	兌
lu	lou	scoop grain from a mortar	舀
lû	lòu	1. rope	綯
		2. pottery, to mould; a potter; a kiln	陶
luʔ	louc	1. to lead, entice	誘
		2. window	牖
lûʔ	lòuc	1. way, road	道
		2. rice paddy (the crop before threshing)	稻
luk	louk	to rear, breed, nourish	育
luŋ	loung	extensive, protracted	彡
lûŋ	lòung	1. red	彤
		2. hot vapour	烔
lûnʔ	lòunt	withdraw, skulk, escape; evasive	遯，遁
lûs	lòus	1. mobile, shifting, inconstant	蹈
		2. show the way, explain, speak	道
		3. gallop	陶
lut	lout	thereupon	聿
lôjʔ	lòyc	long and narrow mountain	嶞
lə	lu	1. give	詒，貽
		2. sweet rice cakes	飴
lə̂	Lù	Tai, a small state in Shaanxi	邰
ləʔ	luc	1. to use, employ, treat; with, by means of; A luc, with A, thanks to A, because of A; luc A way B, to consider A as B, treat A as B	以；以Ａ為Ｂ
		2. to stop, end	已
		3. a word making the preceding words an assertion; a syllable inserted for rhythm; oh!	矣
lə̂ʔ	lùc	1. idle, negligent	怠
		2. come to; when	迨
		3. danger, dangerous; (hence) possibly, perhaps	殆
lək	luk	shoot arrow with string attached; Luk (Yi), a clan name	弋
ləks	luks	different, strange, rare	異
lə̂ks	lùks	generation; from generation to generation	代
ləm	lum	great	淫
lə̂m	lùm	1. spread, extend	覃
		2. speak; Lùm (Tan), a state	譚
ləŋ	lung	a fly	蠅
lə̂ŋ	lùng	1. rise	騰
		2. tie, band	縢
ləns	luns	descendants, posterity	胤
lə̂p	lùp	babble; garrulity	沓
lə̂ts	lùts	1. in the extreme	棣
		2. come to, come forward	逮
ləj	luy	1. level, even, peaceful; Luy (Yi), tribes of the east	夷
		2. custom, institution	夷
		3. rule, law, norm; regular	彝
		4. sister-in-law	姨
ljâw	lyàw	come, go	佻
ljawk	lyawk	tapering	籊
ljâwk	lyàwk	pheasant feather	翟
ljawks	lyawks	gleam, shine; brightness	燿，曜
ma	ma	1. there is not, not have, don’t! Ma X, is X not so?	無
		2. deceive	無
ma X, ma Y	ma X, ma Y	fail to distinguish X from Y	無Ｘ無Ｙ
maʔ	mac	1. military, warlike; Mac (Wu), first Tiw dynasty king; mac-pa, warrior; Mac Tèng (Wu Ding), the last able Un king	武；武夫；武丁
		2. big, important	膴
		3. dance	舞
		4. footprint	武
mâʔ	màc	to plan, counsel	謨
mâk	màk	1. not have, there is no-one who …	莫
		2. to plan, deliberate, settle	莫
		3. suffering, distress	瘼
		4. luxuriant plant growth	莫
mâks	màks	1. evening, late	莫
		2. a grave	墓
		3. a plant, probably sorrel	莫
maŋ	mang	1. disappear, exile, there isn’t; mang X, mang Y, same as ma X, ma Y, q.v.	亡
		2. forget	忘
		3. look towards, admire	望
mâŋ	màng	extensive	芒
maŋʔ	mank	1. be without, lack	罔
		2. deceive; be deceived, confused	罔
		3. net	網
mans	mans	1. extended, long	曼
		2. creeper; creep, spread over	蔓
mâns	màns	1. ten thousand	萬
		2. scorpion	萬
mât	màt	feed grain to horses	秣
maw	maw	1. wild-cat	貓
		2. a sprout	苗
		3. a hunt, esp. one held in summer	苗
mâw	màw	1. eminent, fine	髦
		2. hair; màw-bròu, pig roasted after hair removed by scalding	毛；毛炰
		3. long hair, mane; Màw (Mao), a tribe	髦
		4. ox-tail pennon	旄
		5. backward-sloping; Màw, a hill	旄
mâws	màws	1. very old, senile	耄
		2. gather	芼
mâj	mày	grind, polish	磨
majʔ	mayc	1. not, there is not	靡
		2. slowly	靡
mdun	mdoun	river bank, esp. overhanging lip	漘
mdən	mdun	morning; mdun-pum, “morning breeze”: falcon	晨；晨風
me	me	1. complete	彌
		2. extensively	冞
meʔ	mec	1. finish, stop, cease	彌
		2. strong flow in river	瀰
		3. a bow (for shooting) having ends capped with bone	弭
mêk	mèk	cover of elbow-rest at front of carriage	幭
meŋ	meng	name; fame	名
mêŋ-lə̂k	mèng-lùk	a caterpillar destructive to crops	螟螣
mêŋ-rêŋ	mèng-rèng	cotton bollworm, Heliothis armigera	螟蛉
mêŋʔ	mènk	dark, darkness	冥
mens	mens	face	面
menʔ	ment	1. in a continuous row; long and thin, long drawn-out; tiny, delicate; ment-mròn, delicate	綿，緜；綿蠻
		2. flowing heavily	沔
		4. ment X, sink something in X	湎
met	met	extinguish	滅
mêt	mèt	destroy	蔑
m̥âŋ	mhàng	cover, extend, enlarge; extensive, regard as extensive; excess; weed-covered, waste	荒
m̥âws	mhàws	diminish, waste	耗
m̥aj	mhay	to signal	麾
m̥ajʔ	mhayc	1. demolish	毀
		2. blazing fire; Mhayc (Hui), a ruler	燬
m̥et	mhet	destroy, extinguish	烕
m̥ûn	mhòun	suffering, distress	痻
m̥ə̂ʔ	mhùc	1. obscure; darkness	晦
		2. sea	海
		3. property, valuables	賄
m̥ə̂k	mhùk	black	黑
m̥ə̂n	mhùn	1. disorderly	惛
		2. dusk; dark (literally or psychologically)	昏
		3. marriage; wife; relative by marriage; mhùn in, marriage	昏；昏姻
m̥ə̂n-trôk	mhùn-tròk	eunuch	昏椓
m̥ə̂ŋ	mhùng	numerous	薨
m̥ə̂s	mhùs	1. instruct	誨
		2. regret	悔
m̥ə̂t	mhùt	destroy	忽
m̥əj	mhuy	good, admirable	徽
m̥ə̂jʔ	mhùyc	fire	火
mî	mì	to go astray	迷
min	min	people	民
minʔ	mint	to ruin, destroy; troubled, disorderly	泯
mits	mits	fall asleep	寐
mla	mla	remiss	紓
mlak	mlak	hit with arrow	射
mlaks	mlaks	shoot	射
mlat	mlat	tongue	舌
mlaj	mlay	snake	蛇
mlin	mlin	a spirit	神
mlit	mlit	1. fill, stop up; full; solid	實
		2. fruit	實
mlok	mlok	redeem	贖
mluns	mlouns	follow, accord with; submissive	順
mlunʔ	mlount	shield	盾
mlut	mlout	follow the right path	述
mlək	mluk	eat	食
mləŋ	mlung	1. continue; in a continuing line	繩
		2. to mount, ride, drive	乘
		3. string, cord	繩
mləŋs	mlungs	chariot; team of four horses	乘
moʔ	moc	despise, insult	侮
môʔ	mòc	thumb, big toe	拇
môk	mòk	1. wash one’s hair	沐
		2. tree; mòk gwàs, “tree melon”: Chinese quince, Pseudocydonia sinensis	木；木瓜
		3. ornamental leather band round carriage pole	楘
môŋ	mòng	1. full	饛
		2. darkened, blind	夢，朦
		3. to cover; Mòng shàn (Meng Shan), a mountain range in southern Shandong	蒙；蒙山
		4. sky dark with rain	濛
môŋʔ	mònk	dense, luxuriant	幪
mu	mou	1. lance	矛
		2. insects, esp. eelworm	蟊
		3. barley	麰
		4. long tufts of hair worn uncut by children	𩭾
muʔ	mouc	a stallion, or other male quadruped	牡
muk	mouk	1. stately, splendid; Mouk (Mu), a personal name	穆
		2. eye	目
mun	moun	cord; wrap round, envelop	緡
mus	mous	1. flourishing, beautiful	茂
		2. 5th, 15th, 25th etc. in the 60-day cycle	戊
mûs	mòus	1. make an effort, enforce	懋
		2. look down on	冒
		3. to trade	貿
mut	mout	object, thing; quality; to sort by quality	物
mût	mòut	to exhaust	沒
muj	mouy	1. margin of river	湄
		2. eyebrow	眉
muj	Mouy	Mei, a place name	郿
mujʔ	mouyc	beautiful	美
mujs	mouys	love; lovable	媚
mrâʔ	mràc	horse	馬
mrâk	Mràk	Mo, a northern tribe	貊
mrâk	mràk	settle, still, silent; calm and respectful	嗼
mraŋ	mrang	1. bright; Mrang Sèng, “bright star”: the Morning Star	明；明星
		2. covenant, treaty	盟
mrâŋ	mràng	snake’s-head lily	蝱
mrâŋs	mràngs	firstborn; eldest brother; Mràngs (Meng), a personal name	孟
mrâns	mràns	slow	慢
mranʔ	mrant	make an effort; vigorous	𪟟
mrâs	mràs	sacrifice made in camp to the Spirits of the Soil	禡
mrâts	mràts	1. displeased; dislike	邁
		2. proceed, march	邁
mrâwk	mràwk	distant, far-reaching, extensive	邈
mraws	mraws	temple for the dawn sacrifice	廟
mrâj	mrày	hemp	麻
mrêk-mrôk	mrèk-mròk	drizzle	霢霂
mreŋ	mreng	1. to command, a mandate; one’s destiny, one’s life	命
		2. bird or animal call; mreng-kou, turtledove	鳴；鳴鳩
mrit	mrit	silent, quiet, secret; dense; Mrit (Mi), a tribe	密
mrôn	mròn	savage; Mròn (Man), a category of tribal people, see Ode 261	蠻
mrôŋ	mròng	1. great, ample	厖
		2. shaggy dog; mròng-nong, shaggy	尨；尨茸
mrû	mròu	cogon grass (see p. 64)	茅
mrûʔ	Mròuc	the Pleiades	昴
mrûʔ	mròuc	water-shield (see p. 367)	茆
mrə̂	mrù	wind whirling up dust	霾
mrə̂k	mrùk	wheat	麥
mrən	mrun	severe, austere	旻
mrə̂ŋ	mrùng	the population	氓
mrənʔ	mrunt	pity, pitiable; Mrunt, a ruler of Wets	閔
mrənʔ-mranʔ	mrunt-mrant	toil heavily	黽勉
mə	mu	1. don’t!	毋
		2. to plan, scheme; to consult	謀
mə̂	mù	1. flourishing, abundant, rich	腜
		2. plum tree	梅
		3. a go-between (to arrange marriages)	媒
		4. type of large dog collar	鋂
məʔ	muc	mother	母
mə̂ʔ	mùc	1. each	每
		2. diligent, active	敏
		3. measure of land, about a seventh of an acre	畝
mək	muk	to herd; a herdsman; pasture; Muk Lac (Muye), Herdsman’s Heath, site of Tiw conquest of Un	牧；牧野
mən	mun	1. hear	聞
		2. design; ornate, striped; accomplished; civil rather than military; Mun (Wen), father of Mac; Mun Kyang (Wen Jiang), sister of a Dzì ruler, see Ode 104; mun nin, “cultured people”: one’s forebears	文；文姜；文人
mə̂n	mùn	1. lay hand on, hold	捫
		2. gate, door	門
		3. river gorge	亹
		4. red millet	穈
məŋ	mung	dream	夢
məns	muns	1. ask, enquire; ask after, hence care about	問
		2. be heard; fame	聞
məns	Muns	Wen, a river of Shandong	汶
mə̂s	mùs	pain, distress	痗
mət	mut	don’t!	勿
məts	muts	not yet	未
mə̂ts	mùts	1. younger sister	妹
		2. dyed with madder	韎
		3. dusk, dark	昧
mə̂ts	Mùts	Wei, a town in Henan	沬
məj	muy	1. reduced, hidden, eclipsed; muy X, it isn’t that X	微
		2. royal fern	薇
mə̂j	mùy	branch, twig; a gag; a board	枚
məjʔ	muyc	1. cute	娓
		2. vigorous	亹
		3. tail	尾
mə̂jʔ	mùyc	smooth-flowing	浼
mjawʔ	myawc	small; regard as small	藐
na	na	1. as, like (pu na, “not like”: not as good as); as if; if; X na tu gày, X na gày: what about X? how is X? Na X na Y: like X Y, like the Y of X	如（不如）；Ｘ如（之）何；如Ｘ如Ｙ
		2. go to, proceed to	如
		3. equivalent to nu or nan, qq.v.
nâ	nà	wife and children	孥
na-ra	na-ra	madder plant	茹藘
naʔ	nac	1. you	汝
		2. to swallow, eat	茹
naʔ	Nac	Ru, a river of Henan	汝
nâʔ	nàc	angry	怒
nak	nak	agree, be concordant to; like, as; a grammar word	若
nâk	nàk	agree, say yes	諾
nan	nan	-ly (suffix forming adverbs); so, thus; approve, affirm	然
nân	nàn	difficult; difficult to obtain	難
naŋ	nang	1. heavy with dew	瀼
		2. steal	攘
		3. push aside, pull treetrunks away	攘
nâŋ	nàng	a sack	囊
naŋs	nangs	yield	讓
naŋʔ	nank	grain growing abundantly	穰
nâns	nàns	difficulty, calamity	難
nanʔ	nant	to fear	戁
nas	nas	calculate, examine	茹
nâj	này	much, ample; beautiful	那
nâjʔ	nàyc	rich, fine	儺
neʔ	nec	1. you, your	爾
		2. near; nec ngan, “near words”: shallow words	邇；邇言
nêʔ	nèc	1. numerous	濔
		2. flowering, luxuriant	薾
nêʔ	Nèc	Ni, a place-name	禰
nêŋ	nèng	1. why, how?	寧
		2. would that; rather	寧
		3. peace; tranquil	寧
nêns	nèns	sunlight, heat	晛
net	net	hot	熱
ŋa	nga	fish	魚
ŋâ-dôŋ	ngà-dòng	wutong tree (see p. 310)	梧桐
ŋaʔ	ngac	1. speech, speak	語
		2. border, frontier	圉
		3. opponent; refractory; oppose, withstand	禦
		4. tiger-shaped clapper for music	敔
ŋâʔ	ngàc	five	五
ŋâk	ngàk	1. suddenly	鄂
		2. beat drums, make a loud noise	咢
ŋam	ngam	orderly, well-trained; stern, majestic	嚴
ŋamʔ	ngamp	dignified	儼
ŋan	ngan	1. I, we	言
		2. high and large; Ngan (Yan), a placename	言
		3. speech, to speak	言
		4. a grammar word, or syllable inserted for rhythm; X ngan, when X	言
ŋâŋ	ngàng	1. I, we	卬
		2. high	卬
ŋaŋʔ	ngank	look up to	卬，仰
ŋans	ngans	adornment; talented	彥
ŋâns	ngàns	1. high river-bank	岸
		2. prison	犴
ŋanʔ	ngant	hilltop	巘
ŋap	ngap	1. strong; terrible	業
		2. crossbeam of musical-instrument stand	業
ŋas	ngas	1. set forth, present	御
		2. tell	語
		3. charioteer; officer, attendant; to direct, drive, manage	御
ŋâs	ngàs	1. wake; awake	寤
		2. meet; face to face	晤
ŋat	ngat	1. calamity	孽
		2. sucker, shoot from base of tree	櫱
		3. a high-piled hairstyle	孽
ŋats	ngats	1. white-haired	艾
		2. govern, regulate; hence, make stable	乂
		3. mow, hence cut off, end	刈
ŋâts	ngàts	mugwort, or some other artemisia species	艾
ŋâw	ngàw	1. tall; Ngàw (Ao), a hill in Henan	敖
		2. amuse oneself, stroll about; a pleasureground	敖
		3. distress call of birds; clamouring voices	嗷，囂
ŋawk	ngawk	cruel; oppress, maltreat	虐
ŋâws	ngàws	proud, arrogant	傲
ŋaj	ngay	1. to estimate	儀
		2. dignity; decorum; a ceremony, rule; right, proper, to approve; to set in order; liable	宜，儀
ŋâj	ngày	1. high	宜
		2. slanting	俄
		3. mugwort	莪
ŋajʔ	ngayc	silkworm moth	蛾
ŋâjʔ	ngàyc	I, me	我
ŋajs	ngays	1. righteous	義
		2. plan for, discuss, criticize	議
ŋe	nge	baby, child	兒
ŋêk	ngèk	“pheasant plant”, see Ode 142	鷊
ŋets	ngets	to sow, to plant	蓺
ŋ̊aʔ	nghac	approve, allow, admit; Nghac (Xu), name of a city or state	許
ŋ̊âʔ	nghàc	river bank	滸
ŋ̊an	nghan	high-rising	軒
ŋ̊ans	nghans	1. offer, present, make a gift; show, display	獻
		2. a model	憲
ŋ̊ânʔ	nghànt	rare	罕
ŋ̊awk	nghawk	to ridicule, joke	謔
ŋ̊aj	nghay	a beast used as sacrificial offering, see Ode 300	犧
ŋ̊êk	nghèk	wrangle	鬩
ŋ̊ramʔ	nghramp	precipitous; a precipitous track	險
ŋo	ngo	1. ignorant, stupid	愚
		2. corner	隅
ŋôʔ	ngòc	1. a pair	偶
		2. two ploughmen working as a team	耦
ŋok	ngok	1. jade	玉
		2. trial at law	獄
ŋon	ngon	principal, eldest; great	元
ŋoŋ	ngong	great, dignified	顒
ŋons	ngons	wish, long for	願
ŋos	ngos	happen to meet	遇
ŋû-sjaŋ	ngòu-syang	go to and fro	翱翔
ŋût	ngòut	shake	扤
ŋôj	ngòy	1. false	訛
		2. move, change	訛，吪
ŋrâ	ngrà	tooth	牙
ŋrâʔ	ngràc	a musical instrument; a ritual dance; correct, proper; see p. 18	雅
ŋrak	ngrak	rebellious	逆
ŋrâm	ngràm	rocky, lofty	巖
ŋrân	ngràn	face, complexion, colour	顏
ŋraŋ	ngrang	meet	迎
ŋraŋs	ngrangs	go to meet, receive	迎
ŋrans	ngrans	console, condole	唁
ŋrâns	ngràns	wild goose	雁，鴈
ŋrâs	ngràs	meet	御
ŋrâwk	ngràwk	music	樂
ŋrâwks	ngràwks	joy, rejoice	樂
ŋrins	ngrins	to be willing	憗
ŋrôk	ngròk	a mountain, peak, esp. a holy mountain	嶽
ŋrôjʔ	ngròyc	tile	瓦
ŋəʔ	nguc	luxuriant growth of grain	薿
ŋək	nguk	stop, settle, stand still, stand up straight and firm	疑
ŋəŋ	ngung	freeze, coagulate	凝
ŋət	ngut	great	仡
ŋʷa	ngwa	1. consider, think anxiously about, foresee; Ngwa (Yu), a small state, also another name for Hwins, q.v.	虞
		2. rejoice	娛
		3. gamekeeper	虞
ŋʷâ	ngwà	shout	吳
ŋʷaʔ	ngwac	great, tall; numerous, in crowds	俁，麌，噳
ŋʷan	ngwan	1. a high plain	邍
		2. a spring	原，源
		3. red horse with white belly (?)	騵
ŋʷat	ngwat	moon	月
ŋʷâts	ngwàts	outside	外
ŋʷajs	ngways	deceitful, false	僞
ŋʷə	ngwu	cow	牛
ŋʷəj	ngwuy	high; Ngwuy (Wei), a state	魏
ŋjaw	ngyaw	plants used for fuel	蕘
n̥aʔ	nhac	1. mouse, rat	鼠
		2. foxtail millet, Setaria italica	黍
		3. suffering, grief	癙
n̥ân	nhàn	sigh	歎，嘆
n̥aŋʔ	nhank	bring food to workers in field	饟
n̥ans	nhans	to blaze	煽
n̥ep	nhep	hand things to, assist, encourage to eat and drink	攝
n̥et	nhet	establish	設
n̥imʔ	nhimp	to report, remonstrate	諗
n̥uʔ	nhouc	hand	手
n̥uk	nhouk	1. gather, harvest	叔
		2. beans, pulses	菽
		3. third son; Nhouk (Shu), a personal name	叔
n̥ôjʔ	nhòyc	tranquil, relaxed	妥
n̥rəm	nhrum	a precious object	琛
n̥ə̂k	nhùk	evil, wrong	慝
n̥əm	nhum	deep	深
nî	nì	mud	泥
nîʔ	nìc	wet with dew; luxuriant	泥
nîms	nìms	think of, remember	念
nin	nin	1. good, benevolent	仁
		2. man, person	人
nîn	nìn	harvest; year	年
nit	nit	sun, a day	日
nits	nits	two; nits, nits sùm: double-hearted, changeable, unreliable	二，貳；二三
nîwk	nìwk	hungry for; hungrily; dissatisfied	惄
no	no	moisten; wet, glossy	濡
noʔ	noc	strong (drink)	醹
nok	nok	disgrace	辱
noŋ	nong	great, ample, rich	襛
nôŋ	nòng	thick, heavy (dew)	濃
nos	nos	child; mild, gentle	孺
nots	Nots	Rui, a state	芮
nots	nots	inside of river bend	汭
nu	nou	soft, gentle; a pliable shoot	柔
nû	nòu	monkey	猱
nuʔ	nouc	tread, trample	蹂
nun	noun	a large variety of ox	犉
nuŋ	noung	1. you, your	戎
		2. great	戎
		3. help	戎
		4. weapon; war chariot; Noung (Rong), tribes of the west	戎
nûŋ	nòung	agriculture	農
nus	nous	make pliable, tranquillize	揉
nûts	nòuts	inside	內
nuj	nouy	tassel, pennon	緌
nraʔ	nrac	girl, woman; (hence) smaller	女
nraʔ-râj	nrac-rày	dodder (a parasitic weed)	女蘿
nrâw	nràw	1. disorderly	怓
		2. clamour	呶
nrâw	Nràw	Nao, a hill in Shandong	峱
nruʔ	nrouc	1. practise, repeat	狃
		2. a tree species, related to cherry	杻
nrək	nruk	near; be familiar with	暱
nə	nu	1. subordinates preceding clause to what follows	而
		2. equivalent to nan, q.v.	而
		3. you	而
nəʔ	nuc	ear	耳
nə̂ʔ	nùc	1. you	乃
		2. then, thereupon; but then	迺
		3. can, be able to; endure	能
		4. treat well	能
nəm	num	1. great	壬
		2. to carry, to load; support, sustain, endure; strong; Num (Ren), mother of Mun	任
nə̂m	nùm	1. male	男
		2. south	南
		3. a ritual dance	南
nəmʔ	nump	a type of large bean	荏
nəmʔ-namʔ	nump-namp	soft, flexible	荏染
nəŋ	nung	1. in a long row	陾
		2. repeat; accumulated	仍
nəns	nuns	full	牣
nənʔ	nunt	endure; cruel	忍
nəp	nup	to enter	入
nə̂p	nùp	1. convey	納
		2. fixed rein, see Ode 128	軜
nəs	nus	sinew	䏪
nə̂s	nùs	large tripod	鼐
njâwk	nyàwk	to sink	溺
njot	nyot	to sow, plant	蓺
ʔô	ò	thorn-elm, Hemiptelea davidii	樞
ʔôk	òk	house, roof	屋
ʔon-ʔaŋ	on-ang	mandarin duck	鴛鴦
ʔoŋ	ong	1. harmonious	雝
		2. cooked rice, prepared food	饔
		3. ceremonial hall	廱
		4. city moat	邕
ʔoŋʔ	onk	to cover	雝
ʔons	ons	resent, resentment	怨
ʔonʔ	ont	1. beautiful, gentle	婉
		2. obliging, polite	宛
		3. small; Ont (Wan), a hill in Drin	宛
		4. elude	宛
ʔos	os	one’s fill of food or drink	饇
ʔôs	òs	soak	漚
ʔôts	òts	to screen	薈
ʔu	ou	1. grief, grieved	憂
		2. mild, generous, ample; ou-you, relaxed, indulgent, mild	優，優游
		3. doe	麀
ʔuʔ-duʔ	ouc-douc	tranquil	懮受
ʔuk	ouk	1. warm, genial	奥，燠
		2. richly growing crop	彧
		3. a cove	奥
		4. Vitis bryoniifolia	薁
ʔûn	òun	warm, gentle	溫
ʔuns	ouns	hate, anger	慍
ʔunʔ	ount	accumulate, block up; sultry	蘊
ʔut	out	1. pent-up feeling; oppressed	苑
		2. wither	苑
		3. luxuriant growth	菀
		4. Oriental bush cherry	鬱
ʔuts	outs	1. to comfort, be quiet	慰
		2. to screen	蔚
		3. Artemisia japonica	蔚
ʔuj	ouy	terrified, overawed, to terrify; dignity; ouy-ngay, dignity	威；威儀
ʔujs	ouys	to fear	畏
ʔoj	oy	wither	萎
ʔoj-laj	oy-lay	1. compliant, complaisant	委蛇，委佗
		2. serpentine, long and winding	逶迤
pa	pa	man, fellow	夫
paʔ	pac	1. great; Pac (Fu), a state	甫
		2. axe	斧
		3. embroidered with axe motifs	黼
		4. biltong	脯
		5. an honorific suffix: A-pac, Master A	父，甫
pâʔ	pàc	mend	補
pâk	pàk	1. wide, ample	博
		2. hoe	鎛
pan	pan	hedge, fence	蕃
paŋ	pang	1. just then, just now; by the side of	方
		2. take a place, occupy	方
		3. begin	方
		4. square, cardinal direction, region; regular, norm, pattern; Pang (Fang), a personal and place name	方
		5. raft	方
pâŋ	pàng	bang!	彭，旁
panʔ	pant	to turn, reverse; contrary, on the contrary; pant-juk, fidget	反；反側
pas	pas	1. give, distribute; tax	賦
		2. assist; pas-ngas, manager, steward	傅；傅御
pâs	pàs	1. cloth	布
		2. a park; vegetable plot	圃
pat	pat	1. great, greatly	廢
		2. shoot; to start, to open; go away; set going, implement a practice; rapid, rushing	發
		3. hair of head	髮
pât	pàt	1. establish order, arrange	撥
		2. sound of splash	發
pats	pats	fail; cast aside	廢
pâts	pàts	1. uprooted	沛
		2. cowrie shell	貝
paw	paw	1. ample	瀌
		2. run	儦
		3. to weed	穮
		4. horse’s bit	鑣
pâwk	pàwk	embroidered coat collar	襮
paj	pay	1. river bank	陂
		2. brown and white bear	羆
pâj	pày	1. warlike	番
		2. a wave	波
pajʔ	payc	that, the	彼
pâjʔ, pâjʔ-laŋ	pàyc, pàyc-lang	winnow	簸，簸揚
pâjs	pàys	to sow	播
pe	pe	low	卑
peʔ	pec	1. to cause; so that	俾
		2. consider	俾
pek	pek	1. ruler, prince	辟
		2. jade emblem of rank, disc-shaped with a central hole	璧
pên	pèn	fruit basket	籩
peŋ	peng	all together	并
peŋʔ	penk	remove	屏
pêŋʔ-pôŋʔ	pènk-pònk	scabbard ornament (see Ode 213)	鞞琫
pêns	pèns	all round, universally	徧
penʔ	pent	narrow	褊
pênʔ	pènt	thin and flat	扁
pet	pet	turtle	鱉
pets-pəts	pets-puts	shady, luxuriant	蔽芾
pʰa	pha	extend, spread out; extensively	敷，鋪
pʰâ	phà	suffering, exhausted, disabled	痡
pʰâʔ	phàc	1. great, vast	溥
		2. river bank	浦
pʰâk	phàk	sound of rapid chariots	薄
pʰan	phan	1. to wave, flutter; fickle, frivolous	幡
		2. spread the wings, fly, fly about	翻
		3. a turn; Phan (Fan), a personal name	番
pʰaŋ	phang	heavy snowfall	雱
pʰâŋ	phàng	heavy flow	滂
pʰaŋs	phangs	enquire, scrutinize	訪
pʰâns	phàns	1. melt	泮
		2. shore	泮
		3. semicircular pool	泮
pʰâns-hʷâns	phàns-hwàns	undisciplined, unbridled, relaxed	伴奐，判渙
pʰats	phats	lung	肺
pʰâts	phàts	dense	肺
pʰâjs	phàys	break	破
pʰek	phek	depraved, perverse	僻
pʰeks	pheks	compare; example	譬
pʰen	phen	1. oblique, inclined to one side	偏
		2. fly to and fro, flutter	翩
pʰeŋs	phengs	enquire	聘
pʰit	phit	one of a pair; correspond to; peer	匹
pʰîts	phìts	in crowds; to float, as a banner or a boat	淠
pʰoʔ	phoc	to lay the hand on, to comfort	拊
pʰoŋ	phong	1. beautiful	丰
		2. turnip	葑
		3. bee, wasp; a sting	蜂
pʰoŋʔ	phonk	to present, receive	奉
pʰu	phou	1. confidence; sincere; trust	孚
		2. kind of bird-net	罦
pʰuk	phouk	turn over, overthrow; on the contrary	覆
pʰuks	phouks	to overspread, cover, protect; a cover	覆
pʰuŋ	phoung	abundant (harvest); Phoung (Feng), a river at Xi’an	豐
pʰrâŋ	phràng	boil	烹
pʰrêŋ	phrèng	to cause, make	荓
pʰrîns	phrìns	black and white of eyes contrasting	盼
pʰrə	phru	1. great, overbearing; very; ample	丕
		2. robust	伾
		3. horse of mixed yellow and white colour	駓
pʰrək	phruk	cleave apart	副
pʰə	phu	1. clean and bright (of clothes)	紑
		2. double-kerneled black millet	秠
pʰək	phuk	turn over, revert	覆
pʰəks	phuks	a type of headdress	副
pʰən	phun	1. ample	紛
		2. fragrant	芬
		3. decorative plaque attached to horse’s bit	幩
pʰət	phut	1. brush off, eliminate	拂
		2. purify, expel noxious fumes; (hence) happy	祓
pʰə̂ts	phùts	counterpart	配
pʰəj	phuy	1. for a horse to run without let-up	騑
		2. heavy fall of snow	霏
pʰəjʔ	phuyc	1. ornate	斐
		2. radish	菲
pʰjaw	phyaw	1. blow down	飄
		2. make a rushing noise, as a carriage	嘌
pʰjâw	phyàw	strike down, crush	摽
piʔ	pic	1. compare	比
		2. spoon	匕
pin	pin	1. guest	賓
		2. river bank, shore	濱
pins	pins	set out, arrange	儐
pis	pis	deceased mother	妣
pit	pit	1. must	必
		2. all, entirely	畢
		3. sparkling	珌
		4. fork	畢
		5. knee-cover	韠
		6. strong wind; spring welling up; pit-pat, gale; pit-put, gush forth	觱；觱發；觱沸
		7. hand-net (for catching birds)	畢
pits	pits	1. give	畀
		2. to close	閟
		3. caution; guard against	毖
		4. mystery, secret	祕
		5. bubble up from a spring	毖，泌
pôʔ	pòc	knock down, crush	掊
pôk	pòk	tell the future, esp. from cracks in shells or bones	卜
pôk, pôk-sôk	pòk, pòk-sòk	undergrowth, low shrubby trees	樸，樸樕
poŋ	pong	fief	封
pôŋʔ	pònk	numerous (of fruit)	唪
puʔ	pouc	pottery, a pot	缶
pûʔ	pòuc	1. protect; pòuc krèts, assistant	保；保介
		2. treasure, precious	寶
		3. a (black and white) bustard; hence, piebald horse	鴇
puk	pouk	belly; embrace	腹
pûs	pòus	1. repay	報
		2. to plait	報
pra	pra	1. fine, admirable	膚
		2. skin	膚
prâ	prà	sow, pig	豝
prâk	pràk	1. hundred	百
		2. eldest, eldest brother; lord; Pràk (Bo), a personal name	伯
		3. cypress	柏
pramʔ	pramp	diminish, reduce	貶
praŋ	prang	weapon	兵
prâŋ	pràng	side of temple gate	祊
praŋs	prangs	1. grieved	怲
		2. a handle	柄
praŋʔ	prank	grasp	秉
prânʔ	prànt	1. great	昄
		2. plank	板
prâts	pràts	to ruin	敗
prâwk	pràwk	mixed-colour, roan	駁
prâwks	pràwks	leopard	豹
prêt	prèt	eight	八
prêts	prèts	to bow, bend a branch	拜
prit	prit	lath tied to unstrung bow to prevent warping	弜
prôk	pròk	cut, flay, peel, pluck	剝
prôŋ	pròng	a state	邦
prû	pròu	1. bushy, dense, massive	苞
		2. wrap	包
prûʔ	pròuc	full of food, make full of food	飽
prəʔ	pruc	bad	否
prək	pruk	puttee	幅
prək-grâŋ	pruk-gràng	protective wooden bar on bull’s horns (p. 371)	楅衡
prən	Prun	Bin, early Tiw homeland, see pp. 7–8	豳
prəŋ	prung	1. ice	冰
		2. quiver-cover	掤
prəs	prus	reins	轡
prəj	pruy	grieve; sad	悲
pə	pu	not	不
pəʔ	puc	1. not; or not	否
		2. soar	不
pək	puk	1. wide	幅
		2. good fortune, happiness	福
		3. spoke of wheel	輻
		4. pokeweed	葍
pə̂k	pùk	north	北
pəks	puks	rich; self-important	富
pə̂ks	pùks	the back	背
pəm	pum	wind; a (musical) air	風
pəms	pums	criticize	諷
pən	pun	to steam rice	餴
pə̂n	pùn	1. ? ardent, brave (or) uxorious (see Ode 49)	賁
		2. run, elope	奔
pə̂ŋ	pùng	1. for a mountain to collapse	崩
		2. epidemic in a herd	崩
pəns	puns	spread one’s wings, fly up, make an effort; energetic	奮
pə̂nʔ	pùnt	root	本
pət	put	1. not, not able to, not willing to	弗
		2. large	茀
		3. adorned with emblems	黻
		4. gush forth	沸
		5. clear away dense vegetation	茀
		6. knee-cover	巿
		7. rope	紼
		8. gust	弗
		9. hanging at carriage entrance	笰，茀
pəts	puts	to bubble	沸
pəj	puy	1. is not; wrong	非
		2. to fly	飛
pəjʔ	puyc	not; it is not that …	匪
pjaw	pyaw	whirlwind	飄
ra	ra	hut; ra-rac, lodging	廬；廬旅
râ	rà	a hound	盧
raʔ	rac	troops, multitude	旅
râʔ	ràc	captive	虜
râʔ	Ràc	Lu, a state	魯
raʔ-rək	rac-ruk	spine and sinews	膂力
rak	rak	1. sharp	略
		2. plunder, rob	掠
râk	ràk	1. fall; die (said of kings)	落
		2. white horse with black mane	駱
râk	Ràk	Luo, a river, and Eastern Tiw capital	洛
râks	ràks	1. great	路
		2. contribute, present	賂
		3. road	路
		4. large carriage; charioteer	輅
		5. dew	露
		6. Eastern great egret	鷺
ram	ram	a type of dog	獫
râm	ràm	indigo	藍
ramʔ	ramp	Chinese snake gourd, Trichosanthes kirilowii, and related plants	蘝
rams	rams	gather, accumulate	歛
râms	ràms	go to excess	濫
ran	ran	1. wavy	漣
		2. connect, in a row, consecutively	連
raŋ	rang	1. good, excellent	良
		2. chilly, cold	涼
		3. pole, bridge, dam; Rang (Liang), a placename	梁
		4. millet, sorghum, grain generally, provisions	粱，糧
râŋ	ràng	1. darnel	稂
		2. wolf	狼
raŋs	rangs	1. bright	亮
		2. sincere; to trust; truly	諒
		3. chariot	兩
râŋs	ràngs	reckless	浪
raŋʔ	rank	two, a pair	兩
râŋʔ	rànk	bright	朗
râns	ràns	brilliant	爛
ranʔ	rant	two-man handcart	輦
rap	rap	to hunt	獵
ras	ras	think of, foresee	慮
rat	rat	1. cold	冽
		2. blaze, blazing; brilliant; broil; famous, meritorious	烈
		3. rank, degree	列
rats	rats	1. cruel, oppressive, evil; Rats (Li), a 9th century king	厲
		2. a ford; wet the clothes	厲
		3. dangling ends of a sash	厲
		4. whetstone	厲
râw	ràw	hard work, trouble	勞
râwʔ	ràwc	puddle, pool	潦
râws	ràws	encourage, recompense	勞
raj	ray	1. leave, be dispersed	離
		2. traverse, hang down; fall into; fasten, fastened to	離
		3. to drag into; trouble, sorrow	罹
		4. apron	縭
râj	rày	kind of bird-net	羅
re	re	rope	纚
rê	rè	black horse	驪
rên	rèn	lotus fruit	蓮
reŋ	reng	good	令
rêŋ	rèng	1. magic, divine, lucky; Rèng (Ling), a lord of Drin	靈
		2. bell attached to flag	鈴
reŋ, rin	reng, rin	to command	令
reŋʔ	renk	neck	領
res	res	revile, defame	詈
rês	rès	1. fasten to, be attached to	麗
		2. a number	麗
rets	rets	sapling	栵
r̥an	rhan	long, of a beam	梴
r̥âts	rhàts	scorpion	蠆
r̥âwks	rhàwks	shout, bawl, clamour	謞
r̥eŋ	rheng	1. dead drunk	酲
		2. tamarisk	檉
r̥eŋʔ	rhenk	drive fast	騁
r̥îʔ	rhìc	form, shape; limb	體
r̥iw	rhiw	1. pull out, take out	抽
		2. be cured, recover	瘳
r̥oŋʔ	rhonk	favour, affection	寵
r̥uk	rhouk	nourish, cherish	畜
r̥uks	rhouks	collect; a store	蓄
r̥əʔ	rhuc	shame	恥
r̥ək	rhuk	1. arrange	敕
		2. make ready	飭
r̥ə̂m	rhùm	covet	貪
r̥ə̂mʔ	rhùmp	numerous	嗿
rî	rì	numerous, all	黍
riʔ	ric	1. tread; a path	履
		2. dignity	履
rîʔ	rìc	1. propriety, ritual	禮
		2. a fish, perhaps blenny	鱧
		3. must, sweet wine	醴
rin	rin	1. neighbour	鄰
		2. small bell, or the sound it makes	令
		3. sound of rumbling carriage	鄰
		4. see gu-rin, and reng
rîn	rìn	1. fall in drops, drizzle	零
		2. cocklebur	苓
rins	rins	worn thin, fretted	磷
ris	ris	profit; profitable, favourable	利
rit	rit	1. solid, full; rit-rat, very cold	栗；栗烈
		2. fear; tremble	慄
		3. chestnut tree	栗
rît	rìt	transgress; offence	戾
rîts	rìts	come to; settle	戾
riw	riw	1. flow, drift down	流
		2. catch	流
rîw	rìw	for a while; a little; may it be that …, it will happen that …; a grammar word	聊
riw-raj	riw-ray	a bird—owl?	流離
rîwʔ	rìwc	water pepper	蓼
riwk	riwk	tall-growing, of a plant	蓼
ro	ro	heap up	摟
rô	rò	1. empty, worthless	婁
		2. unknown tree species	蔞
rok	rok	1. green	綠
		2. a food plant, perhaps lentil	菉
rôk	ròk	1. deer	鹿
		2. wooded mountain slope	麓
		3. blessing, prosperity, dignity	祿
rôks	ròks	to leak	漏
rôn	ròn	1. emaciated	欒
		2. bell on horse harness	䜌，鑾
roŋ	rong	dragon	龍
rôŋ	ròng	well fed (horse)	龐
rôŋs	ròngs	manipulate, play with	弄
rôns	ròns	1. to cross; crossing-place	亂
		2. disorder, rebellion	亂
ronʔ	ront	beautiful	孌
ros	ros	repeat; frequently	屢
rôs	ròs	carve, engrave	縷
rôt	ròt	gather, pluck	捋
ru	rou	1. detain; remain	留
		2. kill, butcher, mutilate; Rou (Liu), a Tiw ruler	劉
		3. pale, black-maned horse	騮，駵
		4. pendant of banner	旒
rû	ròu	pen for animals	牢
ruʔ	rouc	1. fine, stately	懰
		2. deep and clear (water)	瀏
		3. willow	柳
		4. fish trap	罶
rûʔ	ròuc	old	老
ruk	rouk	1. six; rouk-pràwk, “six colours”: a tree, perhaps yellow catalpa	六；六駮
		2. fast-ripening grain	穋
		3. a level height	陸
run	roun	1. ripple	淪
		2. twist a cord	綸
		3. principle	倫
		4. wheel	輪
run, run-sa	roun, roun-sa	all together, indiscriminately	淪，淪胥
ruŋ	roung	thunder	隆
rut	rout	a row, tier	律
ruts	routs	1. a class, hence high-class, good in general	類
		2. (offer) a sacrifice to God	類
ruj	rouy	rope, bonds	纍
rûj	ròuy	1. thunder	靁，雷
		2. large ‘lei’ jar	罍
rujʔ	rouyc	liana, creeper	藟
ʔrâks	rràks	1. second, next in sequence	亞
		2. brother-in-law	亞
ʔraŋ	rrang	1. brilliant	央，英
		2. a blossom; a kind of gem; an ornament	英
		3. tinkling bell	央
ʔrâns	rràns	bright, pleasant	晏
ʔrêks	rrèks	narrow; a defile	隘
ʔrêŋ	rrèng	1. contrasting colours in plumage	鶯
		2. bird call	嚶
ʔrôk	rròk	1. moisten, smear	渥
		2. grasp, handful	握
rə	ru	1. give	釐
		2. regulate	釐
		3. wildcat	狸
rə̂	rù	1. come	來
		2. a horse more than a certain height	騋
		3. goosefoot	萊
rəʔ	ruc	1. grieved	里
		2. mark out fields	理
		3. village; homestead; a li (about a third of a mile)	里
		4. a carp	鯉
		5. plum tree	李
		6. inside; lining	裏
rək	ruk	strong, strength, effort; to force	力
rə̂k	rùk	reins	勒
rə̂ks	rùks	give	賚
rəm	rum	1. look down at, oversee	臨
		2. approach; a siege engine	臨
		3. a wood, forest; numerous (like trees of a forest)	林
rəmʔ	rump	granary	廩
rəŋ	rung	1. ice	凌
		2. high mound, hill, height	陵
rəp	rup	1. to stand, set up	立
		2. to live on grain	粒
		3. peasant’s hat made of split lengths of bamboo	笠
rə̂s	rùs	stimulate	勑
rəts	ruts	come	涖
rjâw	ryàw	body fat	膋
rjâwʔ	ryàwc	1. fine, good, lovely	僚
		2. office	僚
rjâwk	ryàwk	oak tree	櫟
rjawks	ryawks	cure	𤻲
rjaws	ryaws	torch; flame; brilliant; to burn; burntoffering	燎
sa	sa	1. together, mutually	胥
		2. linger	胥
saʔ	sac	unburden	寫
sak	sak	1. great	舄
		2. former	昔
		3. slipper, shoe	舄
sâk	sàk	twist rope	索
sam	sam	thread	綅
san	san	caper about	僊
saŋ	sang	1. mutually	相
		2. boil	湘
		3. box of carriage	箱
sâŋ	sàng	1. burial, mourning	喪
		2. mulberry; sàng-gàc, Japanese grosbeak, Eophona personata	桑；桑扈
saŋs	sangs	look at, look to, hence assist; appearance, quality; Sangs Thàc (Xiang Tu), grandson of Khèts, q.v.	相；相土
sâŋs	sàngs	lose; destroy	喪
sâns	sàns	scatter; undisciplined	散
sâs	sàs	white, colourless	素
saws	saws	laugh	笑
sâj-sâj	sày-sày	imitating drunken dancing	傞傞
se	se	1. this	斯
		2. a final particle	斯晳
sêk	sèk	1. white	析
		2. split, cleave	鮮
sen	sen	fresh, good	觪
seŋ	seng	1. for different materials to fit together well	騂
		2. sacrificial animal, red horse	星
sêŋ	sèng	star	性
seŋs	sengs	1. nature, disposition; life	姓
		2. surname; family	姓
seŋʔ	senk	observe	省
sêns	sèns	sleet	霰
senʔ	sent	rare, solitary	鮮
sêp	sèp	march	躞
ses	ses	completely	斯
sra	sha	1. distant	疏
		2. coarse grain	疏
sraʔ	shac	1. mutually	湑
		2. flourishing, luxuriant, abundant	湑
		3. to strain liquor; heavy dew	湑
		4. the place where; X shac Verb, that which X Verbs	所
srâm	shàm	mow	芟
srân	shàn	hill, mountain	山
sraŋ	shang	frost	霜
sraŋʔ	shank	go astray; defective	爽
srâns	shàns	wicker fish-trap	汕
srânʔ	shànt	tears flowing	潸
srât	shàt	kill	殺
srâj	shày	1. sand	沙
		2. yellowfin goby	鯊
srâj-kê	shày-kè	katydid (Tettigoniidae spp.)	莎雞
sre	she	to strain wine	釃
sreŋ	sheng	1. give birth to, be born, live	生
		2. child of one’s sister	甥
		3. sacrificial animal	牲
		4. reed organ	笙
sri	shi	1. master; shi gec, mistress of a household	師；師氏
		2. population of a district; multitude; troops, regiment, army	師
srîʔ	shìc	sprinkle	洒
srin	shin	1. long, prolonged; Shin, a state and clan name (Shen)	莘
		2. large crowd, flock	甡
srit-srut	shit-shout	a cricket	蟋蟀
sroʔ	shoc	to count	數
srok	shok	first day of a moon; Shok (Shuo), a personal and place name	朔
srôŋ	shòng	a pair	雙
sru	shou	numerous	搜
sruʔ	shouc	moisten, soak	溲
sruk	shouk	to bind	縮
srut	shout	1. all	率
		2. follow, go along; lead	率
srəʔ	shuc	1. to cause	使
		2. to work, serve; service; an office, occupation, business; an officer, gentleman	士，仕，事
		3. wait; move on	俟
		4. scribe, recorder	史
		5. river bank	涘
srək	shuk	1. reap, harvest; husbandry	穡
		2. looks, countenance; to show off	色
srəm	Shum	Orion’s Belt	參
srə̂m	shùm	tender, delicate	摻
srə̂mʔ	shùmp	grasp	摻
srən	shun	numerous	詵，駪
si	si	1. private	私
		2. brother in law	私
sî	sì	1. west	西
		2. to roost, rest; bird’s nest	棲
siʔ	sic	die; dead	死
sîʔ	sìc	washed clean	洒
sin	sin	1. new; Sin-pac (Xinfu), a mountain near Mount Tai	新；新甫
		2. bitter, pungent, painful	辛
		3. firewood	薪
sin-mrûʔ	sin-mròuc	28th day of the 60-day cycle	辛卯
sins	sins	1. believe, trust; true, sincere	信
		2. interrogate	訊
		3. stay two nights in one place	信
sit	sit	all, completely	悉
sits	sits	1. then, thereupon	肆
		2. lax	肆
		3. unrestrained, violent	肆
		4. kill	肆
		5. spread out, display; extensive	肆
		6. snot, snivel	泗
siw	siw	1. long	脩
		2. dry	脩
		3. arrange, repair, cultivate	修
sîw	sìw	1. cold, chilly	蕭
		2. lad’s-love (see p. 182)	蕭
		3. pan-pipes	簫
siwk	siwk	1. solemn, reverent	肅
		2. quick, eager	肅
		3. shrivel	肅
		4. hit	㩋
siwks	siwks	embroider	繡
siws	siws	1. to flower and set seed	秀
		2. some kind of precious stone	琇
sîws	sìws	1. wail	歗
		2. make sound with pursed lips; sing without fixed tune, croon	嘯
sla	sla	slow; Sla (Xu), a state in northern Anhui	徐
slaʔ	slac	1. fine-tasting (wine)	藇
		2. continue, succeed; arrange in order	序
		3. work, achievement	緒
		4. tench	鱮
slak	slak	1. large, loose-fitting	蓆
		2. mat	席
slaks	Slaks	Xie, capital of Lhin	謝
slans	slans	desire; a surplus; affluence	羨
slat	slat	leak, reduce; Slat Lac (Xie Ye), a minister of Drin	泄，洩；泄冶
slek	slek	wig, hairpiece	鬄
slêk	slèk	1. give	錫
		2. tin	錫
slit	slit	pure; consider pure; stoop to	屑
slits	slits	1. four; Slits Pang, “the Four Quarters”: the whole world; Slits kwùk: the states of the “Four Quarters”	四；四方；四國
		2. team of four horses	駟
slok	slok	1. continue	續
		2. water-plantain	藚
sloŋ	slong	1. litigate	訟
		2. pine-tree	松
sloŋs	slongs	1. admonish; recite; a song	誦
		2. eulogy	頌
slə	slu	1. words, speech	辭
		2. the spring sacrifice	祠
sləʔ	sluc	1. resemble	似
		2. sacrifice	祀
		3. plough	耜
		4. sidestream	汜
		5. wife of elder brother; Sluc (Si), a clan name	姒
sləks	sluks	food; feed	食
sləm	slum	1. large boiling-pan	鬵
		2. a measure of length, eight thak, about nine feet	尋
sləp	slup	1. flap the wings, flutter	習
		2. wet ground, low ground, riverside (see Ode 38)	隰
sləs	slus	1. continue, succeed, inherit	嗣
		2. eunuch	寺
smâŋs	smàngs	destroy	喪
snaŋ	snang	rise, rear up, remove	襄
snet	snet	1. familiar	暬
		2. garments worn next to body	褻
sŋâks	sngàks	1. go upward against; adverse	遡
		2. inform; complain	愬
sno	sno	wait; Sno (Xu), a place-name	須
snuŋ	Snoung	Song, a royal concubine in the 21st c. B.C.	娀
snunʔ	snount	a bird of prey	隼
snuj	snouy	1. walk slowly and cautiously; solemn	夊
		2. to comfort, give rest	綏
sôʔ	sòc	1. blind	瞍
		2. marshland full of game	藪
sok	sok	grain	粟
sôk	sòk	1. rapid; urge on; invite	速
		2. worthless, mean	蔌
		3. vegetables	蔌
sôŋs	sòngs	to escort, esp. on first part of a journey; follow	送
soŋʔ	sonk	fear	悚
sonʔ	sont	choose; find the faults	選
sônʔ	sònt	to count, measure, keep in time with music	選
sot	sot	snow	雪
su	sou	scratch	搔
sû	sòu	move, disturb, set in motion	騷
sûʔ	sòuc	anxious	慅
suk	souk	1. stay overnight	宿
		2. early morning; early	夙
sûn	sòun	1. grandson; Sòun Tzuc-droungs (Sun Zizhong), a military commander of Wets	孫；孫子仲
		2. cooked grain	飧
suŋ	soung	high	崧
sûŋs	Sòungs	Song, a state	宋
sûs	sòus	sweep	掃，埽
suts	souts	reprimand	誶
sûts	sòuts	break	碎
sôj	sòy	peasant’s raincoat made of straw, rushes, etc.	蓑
sôjʔ	sòyc	small, a fragment	瑣
sprit	sprit	1. pure, fresh-looking, bright	瑟
		2. an ancient zither-like instrument	瑟
sə	su	1. think	思
		2. regulate; su-dà, Master of Labour; su-khòng, Master of Works	司；司徒；司空
		3. silk	絲
		4. a grammar word	思
sə̂	sù	bearded	思
sək	suk	to repose	息
sə̂k	sùk	1. sincere	㥶
		2. to block, stop up	塞
səm	sum	heart	心
sə̂m	sùm	three	三
sə̂n	sùn	before; past	先
sə̂ns	sùns	go in front, lead	先
sə̂nʔ	sùnt	wash	洗
səs	sus	think about, brood	思
sʷan	swan	1. boastful	宣
		2. proclaim	宣
		3. to spread; all-embracing; Swan (Xuan), a personal name, in particular name of a Tiw king; Swan Kyang (Xuan Jiang), concubine of a lord of Wets	宣；宣姜
		4. unit of length, on the order of a yard	宣
sʷats	swats	harvest; year	歲
sʷaj	sway	conform to; obsequious	隨
sʷen	swen	turn round; agile; promptly	還，旋
sʷi, sʷi-tsə̂k	swi, swi-tzùk	although	雖，雖則
sʷin	swin	1. truly, really	恂
		2. everywhere, all round, equally distributed, equal	旬
		3. to plan, consult	詢
sʷin	Swin	Xun, a state	郇
sʷinʔ	swint	bamboo shoots	筍
sʷit	swit	care about; solicitude, anxiety, sorrow	恤
sʷits	swits	1. then, thereupon	遂
		2. progress, achieve	遂
		3. ear of grain	穗，穟
sja	sya	oblique, perverse	邪
sjak	syak	evening	夕
sjaŋ	syang	1. auspicious, good omen, lucky day	祥
		2. examine fully, explain details	詳
sjaŋʔ	syank	elephant, ivory; hence carved, patterned	象
sjaw	syaw	1. melt, dissolve, annihilate; Syaw (Xiao), a place in Drengs	消
		2. evening, night; syaw-gràng, “nightgoer”: firefly	宵；宵行
sjaw-jaw	syaw-yaw	be at ease, saunter	逍遙
sjawʔ	syawc	small; syawc sum, “small heart”: care, cautious	小；小心
sjawk	syawk	scrape, cut; destroy	削
sju	syou	prisoner	囚
sjû-srjâw	syòu-shyàw	spider	蠨蛸
sjuns	syouns	1. deep	濬，浚
		2. lofty	崚
sjuns	Syouns	Xun, a town in Wets	浚
sjus	syous	sleeve	褏
sjuts	syouts	1. a tree, perhaps birchleaf pear	檖
		2. a jade insignium carried at the belt	璲
sjəjʔ	syuyc	wild water-buffalo	兕
ta	ta	a grammar word; ta A, the As, all the As	諸
tâ	tà	1. elegant	都
		2. outer city wall; capital city	都
taʔ	tac	1. X tac: X-er, he/she/they who X; as for X, …	者
		2. islet	渚
		3. red paint	赭
tâʔ	tàc	a set length of wall, perhaps about 80 feet	堵
tak	tak	roast, broil	炙
taks	taks	kind of mulberry tree	柘
tâks	tàks	destroy, destruction	殬
tam	tam	see, look at	瞻
tan	tan	him, her, it	旃
tân	tàn	1. ample, generous	單
		2. unit	單
		3. vermilion	丹
taŋ	tang	1. a pattern, ornament, décor, emblem; rule, statute; refined	章
		2. a jade emblem, see Ode 238	璋
tans	tans	fear	戰
tâns, tât	tàns, tàt	1. painful, grieved, earnest	怛
		2. dawn	旦
tânʔ	tànt	1. ample	僤
		2. sincere, truly; Tànt, grandfather of Mun (pp. 7–8)	亶
		3. disease, suffering, distress	癉
tât	tàt	see tàns
tats	tats	bright	晣，晢
tâts	tàts	girdle, sash	帶
taw	taw	beckon	招
tâw	tàw	1. grieved	㣼
		2. knife	刀
		3. canoe (“knife boat”)	舠
tawʔ	tawc	pool, pond	沼
tâwʔ	tàwc	overturn	倒
tâws	tàws	arrive	到
tâj	tày	many	多
tâjs	tàys	exhausted	憚
têk	tèk	1. son of principal wife	嫡
		2. hoof	蹢
tem	tem	tell the future	占
têmʔ	tèmp	flaw in a gemstone	玷
tên	tèn	bluish-black horse with white spots	驒
teŋ	teng	1. go on a military expedition against, attack, punish; go	征
		2. first; centre of target	正
		3. a kind of bell	鉦
têŋ	tèng	1. hammering sound	丁
		2. forehead; Tèng (Ding), a constellation (see Ode 50)	定
teŋs	tengs	1. to regulate, to correct; correct; a ruler	正
		2. govern	政
teŋʔ	tenk	arrange, dispose	整
têŋʔ	tènk	1. hit, sound of hitting	打
		2. cauldron	鼎
tep	tep	fear; be scared stiff	慹
tês	tès	God, emperor	帝
tet	tet	break	折
tets	tets	to place, set aside	寘
têts-tôŋ	tèts-tòng	rainbow	蝃蝀
tʰâʔ	thàc	1. spit out	吐
		2. earth, ground; thàc-wac, territory	土；土宇
tʰak	thak	a measure of length, about fourteen inches	尺
tʰâk	thàk	1. bag	橐
		2. thumping sound	橐
tʰam	tham	apron	襜
tʰân	thàn	1. numerous	嘽
		2. exhausted	嘽
tʰâŋ	thàng	sound of drum	鏜
tʰanʔ	thant	slow, easy-going, long-drawn-out	嘽
tʰât	thàt	1. rapid, brisk	撻
		2. go to and fro	達
		3. door, room	闥
tʰâts	thàts	great, greatly; too; Thàts Pràk, uncle of Mun; Thàts shàn, Mount Tai; thàts shi, commander-in-chief of army; Thàts Wang, alternative name for Tànt, q.v.	太，泰；泰伯；泰山；太師；泰王
tʰaw	thaw	an unbent bow	弨
tʰâwk	thàwk	indulgent, gentle	綽
tʰênʔ	thènt	face	靦
tʰênʔ-tʰônʔ	thènt-thònt	trampled ground	町畽
tʰês	thès	comb-pin	揥
tʰi	thi	owl; thi-waw, tu-whoo	鴟；鴟鴞
tʰîʔ	thìc	weep; tears	涕
tʰîn	thìn	sky; Thìn, Sky, the supreme god; thìn gràc, “below the sky”: the whole world; Thìn Tzuc, “Sky’s Son”: the king, later the emperor	天；天下；天子
tʰîns	thìns	jade ear-stopper, see p. 26	瑱
tʰîs	thìs	take away, discontinue, dismiss	替
tʰiwk	thiwk	begin	俶
t-hliw	t’hliw	agitated, anxious	妯
tʰo	tho	lovely, fine; agreeable, compliant	姝
tʰon	thon	bore through	穿
tʰoŋ	thong	1. to rush, knock; a battering-ram	衝
		2. kind of bird-net	罿
tʰôŋ	thòng	pained, grieved	恫
tʰots	thots	pant	喙
tʰuk	thouk	a rattle	柷
tʰun	thoun	spring (season)	春
tʰûn	thòun	1. ample, complete	焞
		2. groan	啍
tʰuŋ	thoung	full; to fill; thoung-nuc, ear-stopper, see p. 26	充；充耳
tʰunʔ	thount	wriggle	蠢
tʰût	thòut	burst forth	突
tʰûts	thòuts	withdraw	退
tʰuj	thouy	push, push away	推
tʰûj	thòuy	motherwort	蓷
tʰoj	thoy	to blow	吹
tʰojs	thoys	musical concert	吹
tʰra	thra	Tree of Heaven	樗
tʰrâk	thràk	split, be torn	坼
tʰraŋs	thrangs	1. long	暢
		2. aromatic spirits	鬯
		3. bow-case, put bow in case	韔
tʰreŋ	threng	red	赬
tʰret	thret	1. remove	撤
		2. penetrate, understand	徹
		3. to tax arable land by acreage	徹
tʰrits	thrits	chagrined, angry	懥，懫
tʰruŋ	throung	agitated, grieved	忡
tʰrəʔ	thruc	happiness, prosperity	祉
tʰrəns	thruns	suffer, fever	疹，疢
tʰrəj	thruy	fine cloth	絺
tʰə	thu	jesting, jolly; thu-thu, a jokester	蚩；蚩蚩
tʰəks	thuks	blaze, to heat; glorious	熾
tʰə̂mʔ	thùmp	minced meat pickled in brine	醓
tʰə̂nʔ	thùnt	good	腆
tî	tì	1. illness; suffer	疷
		2. a ram (male sheep)	羝
tî	Tì	Di, a western group of tribes	氐
tiʔ	tic	1. come to	底
		2. settle, determine	厎
tîʔ	tìc	foundation, base	氐
tin	tin	TRUE	眞
tîn	tìn	1. top of head, forehead; fall headlong, be overthrown	顛
		2. top of a mountain	巔
		3. illness, suffering	瘨
tinʔ	tint	black hair	鬒
tît	tìt	stop up	窒
tits	tits	come to, arrive; highest point	至
tiw	tiw	1. give; succour	賙
		2. circle, bend; everywhere; surround; Tiw (Zhou), the Odes dynasty	周
tîwʔ	tìwc	bird	鳥
tîws	tìws	mistletoe	蔦
to	to	red	朱
toʔ	toc	1. master, lord, host	主
		2. ladle	斗
tok	tok	joined, attached to	屬
tôks	tòks	beak	咮
toŋ	tong	bell	鍾，鐘
tôŋ	tòng	east	東
toŋs	tongs	to sow	種
toŋʔ	tonk	seed	種
tôns	tòns	a hammer	鍛
tônʔ	tònt	cut off	斷
tos	tos	a kind of horse, see Ode 128	馵
tôt	tòt	pick, gather	掇
tots	tots	unite; together	贅
tôts	tòts	a baton	祋
tu	tou	1. boat	舟
		2. islet	洲
tu-hʷa	Tou-hwa	Zhou Xu, would-be usurper of the rulership of Wets, see Ode 26	州吁
tûʔ	tòuc	pray	禱
tuk	touk	1. pray, prayer	祝
		2. bind	祝
tûk	tòuk	firm, solid, to make solid	篤
tuks	touks	to curse	祝
tun	toun	inculcate, repeat	諄
tûn	tòun	thick; make thick, assemble	敦
tuŋ	toung	1. end; everlasting; in the last analysis; definitely; toung A tsac B, there has occurred both A and B	終；終Ａ且Ｂ
		2. locust, grasshopper	螽
tûŋ	tòung	winter	冬
tuŋs	toungs	multitude, numerous, all	眾
tûts	tòuts	respond to, correspond to; counterpart	對
tuj	touy	1. wood-pigeon	鵻
		2. horse of mixed grey and white colour	騅
tûj	tòuy	carve, engrave	追
tojs	toys	anxious	惴
traks	traks	area between gateway and screening wall	著
tran	tran	Sakhalin sturgeon	鱣
traŋ	trang	1. to stretch; broad; Trang (Zhang), a personal name	張
		2. provisions	粻
traŋʔ	trank	grow; senior; to preside	長
trans	trans	ritual robe	展
tranʔ	trant	truly	展
trat	trat	wise, perspicacious	哲
traw	traw	morning	朝
trâwk	tràwk	splendid, great	倬
trâwks	tràwks	basket for catching fish, see Ode 171	罩
tre	tre	know; someone you know well, intimate friend	知
trêk	trèk	blame, punish	謫
trem	trem	moisten, soak through	霑
treŋ	treng	1. auspicious	禎
		2. verticals of scaffolding used in making earth walls; supports	楨
trenʔ-tronʔ	trent-tront	toss and turn	輾轉
trit	trit	1. to beat; a stroke	挃
		2. sickle	銍
trits	trits	1. weighed down heavily	輊
		2. bring forward, convey	致
		3. to slip, trip	疐
		4. secure	疐
tro	tro	tree-stump; Tro Rum (Zhu Lin), “Stump Wood”, seat of the Ghàc family	株；株林
trôk	tròk	1. hew, carve	斲，琢
		2. peck up	啄
		3. strike	椓
tron	tron	turn round, remove	轉
troŋʔ	tronk	mound, peak; great	冢
tronʔ	tront	turn	轉
tros	tros	flow to; make flow to; apply	注
trot	trot	1. grieved	惙
		2. gulp	啜
trots	trots	sew, stitch, badge	綴
tru	trou	1. cheat, impose on	侜
		2. carriage pole	輈
trûʔ	tròuc	pain in guts	疛
truk	trouk	1. pound earth, build	築
		2. bamboo	竹
truŋ	troung	middle, inside; troung-kwun, army commander	中；中軍
trus	trous	daybreak, daytime	晝
truj	trouy	pursue; Trouy (Zhui), a northern tribe	追
trək	truk	1. ascend	陟
		2. sow or plant early	稙
trəks	truks	to place, arrange	置
trəp	trup	to hobble a quadruped	縶
tsʰa	tsa	1. straw	苴
		2. rocky hill	砠
		3. shrike, butcher bird	鵙
tsʰa-ku	tsa-kou	fish-hawk (see p. 29)	雎鳩
tsʰaʔ	tsac	and, moreover, again; temporarily	且
tsʰak	tsak	1. reverent demeanour	踖
		2. magpie	鵲
tsʰâk	tsàk	ornamented; crossing each other; whetstone	錯
tsʰan	tsan	transfer, remove	遷
tsʰân	tsàn	eat; food	餐
tsʰaŋ	tsang	1. beg, request	將
		2. move in a stately way	蹌
		3. ? a saw (see Ode 154)	斨
		4. tinkling sound	鏘，瑲，鶬
tsʰâŋ	tsàng	1. blue or green; tsàng lung, bluebottle	蒼；蒼蠅
		2. granary	倉
tsʰâŋ-krâŋ	tsàng-kràng	oriole, Oriolus chinensis	倉庚
tsʰâns	tsàns	bright, splendid; fine food; a set of three beautiful things or women	粲
tsʰâwʔ	tsàwc	grief, grieved	懆
tsʰâj	tsày	to file, polish stone	磋
tsʰâjʔ	tsàyc	shining white	瑳
tsʰe	tse	female bird	雌
tsʰeʔ	tsec	1. this, the	此
		2. petty	佌
tsʰêʔ	tsèc	bright, lustrous	玼，泚
tsʰek	tsek	prod, stab	刺
tsʰeks	tseks	criticize, reprove	刺
tsʰeŋ	tseng	clear, pure; Tseng (Qing), a city in Drengs state	清
tsʰêŋ	tsèng	blue or green	青
tsʰenʔ	tsent	shallow	淺
tsʰî	tsì	1. chilly, cold	淒
		2. dense; luxuriant foliage	萋
tsʰin	tsin	oneself	親
tsʰîn	tsìn	thousand	千
tsʰîns	tsìns	pink	綪
tsʰis	tsis	1. arrange in order; next in order	次
		2. assist, back up	佽
tsʰit	tsit	1. seven	七
		2. lacquer tree, Toxicodendron vernicifluum	漆
tsʰit	Tsit	Qi, a river of Shaanxi	漆
tsʰît	tsìt	cut	切
tsʰiw	tsiw	1. autumn	秋
		2. stork	鶖
tsʰîwk	tsìwk	1. intense feelings, affection; grieved; loved ones, relatives	戚
		2. hatchet	戚
tsʰîwk-l̥aj	tsìwk-lhay	toad	戚施
tsʰoʔ	tsoc	take	取
tsʰôʔ	tsòc	a groom; tsòc mràc, Master of Horse	趣；趣馬
tsʰoŋ	tsong	sawtooth ornamentation	樅
tsʰôŋ	tsòng	hear well; intelligent	聰
tsʰôns	tsòns	furnace; to heat, cook	爨
tsʰos	tsos	1. hasten to	趣
		2. take a wife	娶
tsʰôt	tsòt	small cap	撮
tsʰots	tsots	kerchief	帨
tsʰûʔ	tsòuc	1. rough, coarse; troubled	草
		2. grass, small plants	草
tsʰun	tsoun	make a dance move	蹲
tsʰûnʔ	tsòunt	measure, consider	忖
tsʰûs	tsòus	go to, send out	造
tsʰujʔ	tsouyc	run about	趡
tsʰûjʔ	tsòuyc	deep	漼
tsʰə̂	tsù	forceful, strong	偲
tsʰə̂ʔ	tsùc	1. colour, colourful	綵
		2. pluck, gather	采
tsʰəm	tsum	invade, encroach	侵
tsʰə̂m	tsùm	the outside horses in a team	驂
tsʰəmʔ	tsump	1. lie down to sleep	寢
		2. part of an ancestral temple	寢
tsʰə̂mʔ	tsùmp	1. grieved, afflicted	慘，憯
		2. marker of perfect tense	憯
tsʰəp	tsup	1. babble; gossip	咠
		2. to hem; a connected row; continuous	緝
tsʰə̂s	tsùs	vegetable, edible plant	菜
tsʰə̂j	tsùy	wife	妻
tsʰjawʔ	tsyawc	anxious, grieved	悄
tə	tu	1. this	之
		2. go to	之
		3. genitive particle: A tu B, A’s B, the B of A	之
		4. all-purpose object pronoun: him, her, it, them; occasionally me, us, you	之
təʔ	tuc	1. stop, settle; tuc ku, settlement	止；止基
		2. deportment, behaviour, dignity; courteous	止
		3. heel	趾
		4. islet	沚
		5. a final particle	止
tək	tuk	1. simply, only, merely; tuk-hwangs, but what’s more …	職；職況
		2. weave	織
tə̂k	tùk	1. get	得
		2. character, “virtue” (see pp. 19–20)	德
təks	tuks	1. remember	識
		2. coloured silk fabric	織
tə̂m	tùm	soak; soaked in (esp. pleasure); indulge oneself, rejoice	湛，耽
tən	tun	majestic; numerous	振
təŋ	tung	1. numerous	烝
		2. splendid	烝
		3. offer gifts; the winter sacrifice	烝
		4. to advance	烝
		5. kindling wood	蒸
tə̂ŋ	tùng	1. go up	登
		2. a ‘deng’ vessel	登
təns	tuns	1. protect	殿
		2. sigh	殿
		3. shake, vibrate; marshal troops; fear	振
		4. thunderclap; majestic	震
		5. from	振
tənʔ	tunt	raised path between fields	畛
tə̂nʔ	tùnt	statute, law code	典
təp	tup	seize, grasp	執
tə̂p	tùp	respond, reply	答
tə̂s kʷaj	Tùs Kway	Dai Gui, a lady of Wets	戴嬀
tət	tut	substance, natural qualities; natural, simple, honest; good faith; give pledge	質
təts	Tuts	Zhi, a place in the Un royal domain	摯
təts	tuts	pledge of good faith; hostage	質
tjaw	tyaw	1. bright	昭
		2. shine, shine on, enlighten	照
tjawʔ	tyawc	glorious	昭
tjawk	tyawk	1. brilliant	灼
		2. pour wine into cup	酌
tjâwk	tyàwk	1. to pity, condole	弔
		2. bullseye in a target	的
tjâwks	tyàwks	to fish	釣
tsa	tza	1. plenty, many	且
		2. dull, slow, unskilful	伹
		3. a closing particle, verbal exclamation mark	且
tsâ	tzà	straw bedding, packing	蒩
tsâʔ	tzàc	1. ancestor	祖
		2. roadside sacrifice before a journey	祖
		3. cord	組
tsâk	tzàk	1. rise	作
		2. work, exercise one’s function, make; active	作
tsaks	tzaks	borrow, claim	借
tsam	tzam	1. moisten	漸
		2. destroy	殲
tsaŋ	tzang	1. great; enlarge	將
		2. take, undertake, attend to, bring, advance, (hence) course of a river; future marker	將
		3. to nurse, support	將
		4. congee	漿
tsâŋ	tzàng	1. good	臧
		2. luxuriant (foliage)	牂
		3. ewe	牂
tsanʔ	tzant	hoe	錢
tsap	tzap	oar	楫
tsas	Tzas	Ju, a river of Shaanxi	沮
tsas-nas	tzas-nas	marshy ground	沮洳
tsats	tzats	sacrifice	祭
tsaw	tzaw	roast; Tzaw (Jiao), a place-name	焦
tsâwʔ	tzàwc	“ditch grass” (see Ode 15); algae	藻
tsâwk	tzàwk	fine, brilliant	鑿
tsaj	tzay	alas!; now then!	嗟
tsâjʔ	tzàyc	left (hand); tzàyc-wuc, assistant	左；左右
tsâjs	tzàys	assist; tzàys-wus, to “left and right” someone, serve as their assistant	佐；佐佑
tseʔ	tzec	defame, slander	訿
tsek	tzek	1. collect, accumulate	積
		2. footprint; follow the track; go the right way; walk with small steps	蹟
		3. spine	脊
tsêk	tzèk	1. twist, spin	績
		2. achieve merit; meritorious deed	績
tsek-reŋ, tsek-rêŋ	tzek-reng, tzek-rèng	a bird, perhaps pied wagtail	脊令，鶺鴒
tseks	tzeks	to stack or store	積
tsêms	tzèms	err, error; falsehood; disorder	僭
tseŋ	tzeng	pennon, banner, feather flag	旌
tsêŋ	tzèng	luxuriant, bushy	菁
tsenʔ	tzent	to clip	翦
tsi	tzi	1. alas!	咨
		2. consult	咨
		3. resources, supplies	資
		4. sacrificial grain	齍
tsî	tzì	1. ascend; steep	躋
		2. rainbow; rising vapour	隮
tsiʔ	tzic	1. million	秭
		2. elder sister	姊
tsîʔ	tzìc	1. numerous	濟
		2. fine-looking, dignified	濟
tsîʔ	Tzìc	Ji, one of the four former great rivers of China	濟
tsins	Tzins	Jin, a state	晉
tsins	tzins	approach, enter, send forward	進
tsinʔ	tzint	cut off	戩
tsîs	tzìs	ford; cross a stream	濟
tsit	tzit	go to	即
tsît	tzìt	joint in bamboo and other plants	節
tsiw	tziw	fragrant; tziw, tziw-rìw, pepper plant	椒；椒聊
tsiwʔ	tziwc	wine, or other alcoholic drink	酒
tsiwk	tziwk	to press, harass; reduced to extremes	蹙
tso	tzo	enquire, consult	諏
tsôʔ	tzòc	run, hurry	走
tsok	tzok	1. enough	足
		2. foot	足
tsoŋ	tzong	longways	從
tsôŋ	tzòng	1. come, come forward, arrive	㣭
		2. piglet	豵
tsoŋs	tzongs	let loose, indulge; admittedly	縱
tsôŋʔ	tzònk	bind together	總
tsônʔ	tzònt	continue, succeed to	纘
tsôs	tzòs	perform; display, press forward	奏
tsû	tzòu	meet with	遭
tsûʔ	tzòuc	1. early in the day	蚤
		2. jujube	棗
tsun	tzoun	follow a route	遵
tsûn	tzòun	a vase-like ‘zun’ wine vessel	尊
tsûŋ	tzòung	clan, ancestral temple; to honour ancestors, as in the temple	宗
tsûnʔ	tzòunt	chat	噂
tsut	tzout	finish; utterly	卒
tsuts	tzouts	drunk	醉
tsə	tzu	1. this	茲
		2. diligent	孜
		3. burden	仔
		4. small tripod	鼒
tsə̂	tzù	1. begin	哉
		2. disaster	災，烖
		3. verbal exclamation mark	哉
tsəʔ	tzuc	1. son, young man; young lady; a polite “you”; (occasionally) I, me; N tzuc, Sir N; Tzuc, Tzuc-ka, clan names (Zi, Ziche)	子；子車
		2. hoe earth round plants	耔
		3. Chinese catalpa	梓
tsə̂ʔ	tzùc	attendant, steward, minister	宰
tsək	tzuk	broomcorn millet, Panicum miliaceum	稷
tsə̂k	tzùk	1. A tzùk B: if/when A then B	則
		2. a rule, pattern; follow a pattern	則
tsəms	tzums	overflow	浸
tsə̂ŋ	tzùng	1. increase, numerous	增
		2. add; late, remote; tzùng sòun, “remote grandson”: descendant	曾；曾孫
		3. hate	憎
		4. a grammar word introducing a clause or equivalent to tzùk, q.v.	曾
tsə̂ns	tzùns	set forth, present	薦
tsəp	tzup	growing plants	蓺
tsə̂s	tzùs	1. to start; after this; consequently	載
		2. carry; convey or be conveyed on wheels; fill; achieve	載
		3. an item; tzùs A, tzùs B, on one hand A, on the other B	載
tsjawk	tzyawk	1. nobility, dignity, rank	爵
		2. a three-legged ‘jue’ goblet	爵
		3. sparrow	雀
tsjuns	tzyouns	1. eminent, talented, great; make great; prolong	俊
		2. quickly	駿
		3. overseer, inspector of fields; to rule	畯
ʔə-hə	u-hu	shout of joy or fear	噫嘻
ʔək	uk	1. oh!; an opening particle; but	抑
		2. full, overflowing	溢
		3. increase	益
		4. repress; careful, attentive	抑
		5. 100,000; a very large number	億
ʔəks	uks	think; idea	意
ʔəm	um	1. drink	飲
		2. sound, music, message, reputation	音
		3. shady; the Yin of Yin v. Yang	陰
ʔəms	ums	1. to shelter	陰
		2. give to drink	飲
ʔən	un	1. grieved	慇
		2. great, many; Un, the dynasty which preceded Tiw	殷
ʔə̂n	ùn	kindness, favour, love	恩
ʔəŋ	ung	1. receive	膺
		2. breast; breastplate; “to breast”, i.e. withstand	膺
		3. eagle	鷹
ʔəŋs	ungs	answer, respond; small “answering” drum; Ungs (Ying), a state; ungs mùn, inner gate to palace	應；應門
ʔənʔ	unt	1. conceal	隱
		2. thunder	殷
ʔəp	up	1. ladle out	挹
		2. to bow, salute	揖
		3. city, town	邑
ʔə̂ts	ùts	to love; to grudge	愛
ʔəj	uy	1. luxuriant, ample; to make ample	依
		2. lean on, accord with; firmly settled	依
		3. garment; uy-buk, uy-dang, clothes	衣；衣服，衣裳
ʔə̂j	ùy	lament; ùy, ùy-tzù, woe!	哀；哀哉
ʔəjs	uys	wear	衣
wa	wa	at; go to	于
wâ	wà	flower	華
waʔ	wac	1. rain	雨
		2. feathers, wing	羽
		3. eaves, or area below eaves; hence cover, protect; territory	宇
waʔ	Wac	Yu, mythical founder of the first Chinese dynasty	禹
wâk	wàk	succeed, catch, hit the mark	獲
wam	wam	blaze, blazing	炎
wan	wan	1. there, then; go there; a grammar word	爰
		2. dragging slowly	爰
		3. raise; ladder	援
		4. wall	垣
		5. garden	園
wân	wàn	pillar; warlike in appearance	桓
wân-rân	wàn-ràn	rough-potato plant (see Ode 60)	芄蘭
waŋ	wang	king; to have audience with the king	王
wâŋ	wàng	1. almighty, splendid; regard as splendid, revere; later used for “emperor”; Wàng, a stream; Wàng-pac (Huang-fu), a chief minister	皇；皇父
		2. brilliant	煌
		3. to correct, regulate	皇
		4. skewbald	皇
		5. leisure	遑
waŋʔ	wank	go towards	往
wans	wans	keep far from, leave	遠
wanʔ	want	far	遠
wap	wap	1. shine, gleam	爗
		2. carry food out to workers	饁
was	was	to rain	雨
wat	wat	1. verbal “open inverted commas”	曰
		2. because; what about?	曰
		3. transgress, deviate; take beyond; proclaim	越
		4. type of axe	鉞
wat, wat-ləʔ	wat, wat-luc	and; a grammar word	越，越以
waw	waw	a small bird, possibly owl	鴞
waj	way	do, make, act as, be; there is, there are	為
wâj	wày	1. harmony, harmonious, peaceful; blend, make proportions correct	和
		2. bell attached to carriage	和
		3. growing grain	禾
wajs	ways	on behalf of, for	為
wâjs	wàys	respond in singing, attune	和
wê	wè	take by the hand	攜
wek	wek	work, serve; military service	役
wen	wen	round, a circle	員，圓
wên	wèn	1. turn round, return	還
		2. a ring	環
weŋ	weng	1. to plan, demarcate	營
		2. buzz about	營
weŋʔ	wenk	point of ear of grain	穎
wens	wens	1. a belle	媛
		2. courtyard wall; Wens (Yuan), a state	阮
wenʔ	went	to crawl, as an insect	蜎
wets	wets	to guard; Wets (Wei), a state	衛
wi	wi	1. is	維
		2. only, is only	唯，維
		3. think	惟
		4. reject, leave behind, leave over, remain	遺
		5. tie, bind together	維
wî	Wì	Huai, a river of eastern China	淮
win	win	clear land for cultivation	畇
winʔ	wint	straight, true, regular; Wint (Yin), a clan name	尹
wit	wit	1. then, thereupon; a grammar word	遹
		2. black horse with white legs (?)	驈
		3. rapid flight	鴥
wît	wìt	hole, pit	穴
wîts	wìts	kindly; obedient	惠
wraŋs	wrangs	1. wade	泳
		2. long-drawn-out chant	咏
wraŋʔ	wrank	eternal	永
wreŋ	wreng	a kind of gemstone	瑩
wri	wri	curtain	帷
wrəʔ	Wruc	Wei, a river of Henan	洧
wrəʔ	wruc	switchtail	鮪
wrənʔ	wrunt	fall down, drop, throw down	隕
wrəts	wruts	place of honour	位
wə	wu	fault, blame, excess	尤，訧
wəʔ	wuc	1. have, there is/are; rich; wuc X, very X; Wuc N, the Domain of N, Lord of N, House of N; wuc na X, (I swear) by X!	有；有如Ｘ
		2. right (hand)	右
		3. friend	友
wəʔ-wiʔ	wuc-wic	call of hen pheasant	有鷕
wək	wuk	1. boundary; graveyard	域
		2. fishing net	罭
		3. water-demon	蜮
		4. oak	棫
wə̂k	wùk	someone, something, perhaps	或
wəks	wuks	park, garden	囿
wəm	wum	black bear	熊
wən	wun	1. numerous, much	云
		2. say; oracle	云
		3. to weed	耘
		4. cloud; Wun Hàns, “Han River in the clouds”: the Milky Way	雲；雲漢
		5. a grammar word	云，員
wəŋ	wung	male animal or (particularly) bird	雄
wəns	wuns	1. rich, ample (of flowers)	芸
		2. brightness	輝
wənʔ	wunt	richly ornamented	苑
wəp	wup	gleaming	熠
wəs	wus	1. also; repeat	又
		2. large-minded	宥
wəs	wus	X to “right-hand” X: to help X, esteem X, encourage X to drink	右，佑，侑
wəts	wuts	1. numerous	彙
		2. say	謂
wəts	Wuts	the river Wei, which meets the Yellow River at its eastward bend	渭
wəj	wuy	1. go away, go against, deviate from	違
		2. go opposite ways; Wuy (Wei), a state	韋
		3. encircle, a circuit	圍
wə̂j	wùy	1. revolve, deviate; wùy-wit, awry, perverse	回；回遹
		2. go against the current	洄
wəjʔ	wuyc	1. blaze; bright	煒
		2. brilliant, of flowers	韡
		3. reed	葦
ʔwâ	wwà	dirty; untidy; to soak	汙，污
ʔwen	wwen	dissatisfied, grieved	悁
ʔweŋ	wweng	to wind, twine round	縈
ʔwîn	wwìn	1. abyss, deep; deep note	淵
		2. drumbeat	咽
ja	ya	awry, deflected, depraved	邪
jak	yak	1. also; and yet; but; a grammar word	亦
		2. great	奕
jams	yams	lovely	豔
jaŋ	yang	1. vast, voluminous flow of water	洋
		2. sheep, goat	羊
		3. disease	痒
jaŋs	yangs	1. long	羕
		2. suffering; grieved	恙
jaŋs	Yangs	Yang, a place name	向
jaŋʔ	yank	nourish, rear	養
janʔ	yant	overflow; abundant; go to excess, be extravagant	衍
jas	yas	night	夜
jaw	yaw	1. meet; a rendezvous	要
		2. sing	謠
		3. shake, be shaken, agitated	搖
		4. a precious stone, perhaps jasper	瑤
jawk	yawk	1. medicine; to cure	藥
		2. the summer sacrifice	禴
		3. flute, pan-pipes	蘥
joʔ	yoc	1. a catalpa species, perhaps Manchurian catalpa	楰
		2. open-air stack of grain	庾
jon	yon	black kite	鳶
ju	you	1. as, like; still, yet	猶
		2. light (in weight); a light carriage	輶
		3. proceed from; follow; from	由
		4. to long for; long-brooding; longtrailing; far away	悠
		5. flow	滺
		6. float, swim; wander about, ramble; an amusement, leisure; you rong, “floating dragon”: Persicaria amphibia	游，遊；游龍
		7. plan	猶，猷
		8. a place; the place where; passive marker: you Verb, that which is Verbed	攸
juʔ	youc	1. a ‘you’ wine pot	卣
		2. weeds, useless, damaging	莠
junʔ	yount	to trust, sincere, truly; Yount (Yun), a personal name	允
jus	yous	1. tall (of cereal plants)	褎
		2. to store firewood	槱
		3. full dress, with long sleeves	褏
jək	yuk	1. respectful, reverent; orderly, welltrained	翼
		2. wing, hence shelter; to assist	翼
ʔjaw	yyaw	1. waist, waistband	要
		2. milkwort	葽
		3. sound made by insects	喓
ʔjawk	yyawk	bind	約

《上古之歌》附錄詞表整理

https://vistudium.top/2023/08/11/VEC-glossary/

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hulenkius

作於

2023-08-12

《上古之歌》附錄詞表整理

擬音轉寫歸納

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著士

作於

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